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can somebody tell me how to get homogeneous spacing between the elements of my matrix? Here is the code I'm using but it is not working as I was expecting. 

\documentclass[12pt]{scrartcl} \usepackage{amsmath,tikz} \usepackage{tabstackengine} \usetikzlibrary{matrix} \setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{20} \begin{document} \begin{equation} \fixTABwidth{T} \begin{tikzpicture} \matrix (m) [baseline=(current bounding box.center),matrix of math nodes,nodes in empty cells,right delimiter={]},left delimiter={[} ] {-4 & 1 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & & &&&&\\ 1 & -4 & 1 & 0 & .. & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & -4 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&...&0&1&0&0&0&...\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & 1 & -4 & 1 & 0& 0&...&0&0&1&0&0&...\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & .. & 0 & 0 & 1 & -4 & 1& 0&...&0&0&0&1&0&...\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0& ...&0&1&-4&1&0&0&...\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0& ...&0&0&1&-4&1&0&...\\} ; \draw[line width=0.4mm, loosely dotted] (m-2-2)-- (m-7-7); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-2-3)-- (m-7-8); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-2-1)-- (m-7-6); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-2-8)-- (m-7-14); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-9-8)-- (m-14-13); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-9-9)-- (m-14-14); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-9-10)-- (m-14-15); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-9-3)-- (m-14-8); \end{tikzpicture} \end{equation} \end{document}

But it looks like this:enter image description here And I see that the spacing between neighbouring elements is not the same.

I'd appreciate any suggestion!

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    You may better served by the nicematrix package. Commented Nov 3, 2019 at 15:40

2 Answers 2

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You can achieve required spacing by adjusting the values of column sep of matrix and text width of node. See an example below.

\documentclass{scrartcl} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{matrix} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} \matrix (m) [baseline=(current bounding box.center),matrix of math nodes, column sep=0pt, nodes={text width=1.7em, align=right, anchor=east}, nodes in empty cells,right delimiter={]},left delimiter={[} ] {-4 & 1 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & & &&&&\\ 1 & -4 & 1 & 0 & .. & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & -4 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0&...&0&1&0&0&0&...\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & 1 & -4 & 1 & 0& 0&...&0&0&1&0&0&...\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & .. & 0 & 0 & 1 & -4 & 1& 0&...&0&0&0&1&0&...\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & &&&&\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0& ...&0&1&-4&1&0&0&...\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & .. & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0& ...&0&0&1&-4&1&0&...\\} ; \draw[line width=0.4mm, loosely dotted] (m-2-2)-- (m-7-7); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-2-3)-- (m-7-8); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-2-1)-- (m-7-6); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-2-8)-- (m-7-14); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-9-8)-- (m-14-13); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-9-9)-- (m-14-14); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-9-10)-- (m-14-15); \draw[line width=0.4mm,loosely dotted] (m-9-3)-- (m-14-8); \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}

enter image description here

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A little bit modified @nidhin answer (+1) ... Differences are in

  • nodes style
  • columns and rows spacing
  • drawing dotted lines between nodes

enter image description here

\documentclass{scrartcl} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{matrix} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}[every path/.style = {thick, loosely dotted}] \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, nodes in empty cells, nodes={text width=1.2em, minimum height=2ex, inner sep=0pt, align=right, anchor=south}, right delimiter={]},left delimiter={[}, column sep=1pt, column 5/.style = {column sep=-0.3em}, row 14 column 12/.style = {nodes={text width=0.5em}}, row 15 column 12/.style = {nodes={text width=0.5em}}, column 12/.style = {column sep=-0.3em}, row sep=1pt ] { -4 & 1 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & & & & & & \\ 1 & -4 & 1 & 0 & ... & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & & & & & & \\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0 & -4 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 &...\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0 & 1 & -4 & 1 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 &...\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & ... & 0 & 0 & 1 & -4 & 1 & 0 & ... & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 &...\\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0 & 1 & -4 & 1 & 0 & 0 &...\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & ... & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & ... & 0 & 0 & 1 & -4 & 1 & 0 &...\\ }; \draw (m-2-1) -- (m-7-6.north); \draw (m-2-2) -- (m-7-7.north); \draw (m-2-3) -- (m-7-8.north); \draw (m-2-8) -- (m-7-14.north); % \draw (m-9-3)-- (m-14-8.north); \draw (m-9-8) -- (m-14-13.north); \draw (m-9-9) -- (m-14-14.north); \draw (m-9-10)-- (m-14-15.north); \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}
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