Some digging around points to the rules file being at present available at http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/nginx.git/tree/debian/ruleshere.
Since the package-specific configures appear to inherit via the $(common_configure_flags) statement, modifying only that block may suffice:
$ perl -00 -ple 's{$}{ \\\n\t\t\t--add-module=\$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed} if m/common_configure_flags :=/' rules > nu $ diff -u rules nu --- rules 2015-12-17 14:49:12.000000000 -0800 +++ nu 2015-12-17 14:52:52.171942309 -0800 @@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ - --with-http_auth_request_module + --with-http_auth_request_module \ + --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed This solution treats the file contents in turns of paragraphs (-00 -p), and adds the necessary data at the end of each (and appropriate backwhacking, newline, and tabbery), but only for the paragraph that matches the common_configure_flags := bit. To target each section (instead of just the common one), one would need to fiddle around with the if regular expression as appropriate.