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    Note that it's not only about -a. join -o 1.2 -e NONE <(echo a) <(echo a) would also output NONE Commented Jul 24, 2018 at 6:59
  • Thanks. Why does join -a 1 -a 2 -t " " -e "NULL" -1 1 -2 1 <(sort file1) <(sort file2) not output NULL, suppose file2 has unpairable line? Commented Jul 24, 2018 at 13:21
  • file1 and file2 are here unix.stackexchange.com/q/458068/674 Commented Jul 24, 2018 at 13:27
  • @Tim join -a 2 -o0,1.2,2.2 -t " " -e "NULL" <(sort file1) <(sort file2) Commented Jul 24, 2018 at 13:31
  • Thanks. Wondering why the command doesn't output NULL? When does -e work? Does -e only work with -o? Commented Jul 24, 2018 at 13:33