It is a complicated thing, taking into account the time domain, the infinite possibilities for an acceleration (or velocity) curve, framerate- or delay-independent behavior, etc.
Matching behavior with closed-source OS'es or drivers is nigh-impossible, but X.org provides you with ample choices for your taste, provided you take the time to read the documentation or the source.
Non-accelerated behavior (flat acceleration curve, linear velocity curve, linear mouse response or N pixels per 1mm of movement) is the only truly universal, easy-to-adapt and easy-to-adopt behavior. Ironically, it's also what most systems lack or make very hard to get. (See this open questionthis open question, for example.)
Assuming you want linear response, I'll direct you back at the question you've linkedthe question you've linked.