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lang-c
< filewhen awk already has the ability to open file?cat file | awk...for those people and it allows the shell to open the file instead of the command so you get consistent file-opening-failure error messages if you use that idiom for all commands (including those liketrthat can't open a file themselves) and on a file opening failure< file awk '...' > outputwon't createoutputcreate an empty (or overwrite if it exists) file namedoutput. The downside is you can't do that for opening multiple files and you lose FILENAME access.