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auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p rwa, but I don't know if you've already tried that and what's missing. This command also shows the pid and process name that accessed the file. Also, I don't understand howsudois related, since you say "doesn't matter if a cat or sudo cat".auidfield. See here: Records the Audit user ID. This ID is assigned to a user upon login and is inherited by every process even when the user's identity changes (for example, by switching user accounts with su -john)./etc/passwdwill be accessed every time a user runsps -fe,ls -l,top, etc, do you really want to scan through all of those logs?