Seems like your libraries are not updated. Beside updating OpenSSL you also would need to update corresponding libraries (libssl in this case). Best would be to:
apt update apt upgrade And manually updating OpenSSL may corrupt some of its usage - libraries will not fit to other on the system, so the best way to do that is by the two above commands. Your system may not be ready to support newer version of OpenSSL than in the repo.
The other way around is to manually update all libraries along. So if you first update OpenSSL manually, then update libssl manually and going further into other libraries - manually too. However you may end up with need to upgrade the whole system to newer edition what is obviously not advised.