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[ $? -ne 0 ]in disguise, I will stick with a simplified version:last_block_failed() { [ $? -ne 0 ];}. ShellCheck doesn't complain this way. Thanks for the solution (it also improves readability even further).last_block_failed() [[ $? -ne 0 ]]orlast_block_failed() (( $? != 0 ))Orlast_block_failed() (( ! $? ))$?stores the exit code of a previous command, which implies that$?is a number and doesn't have spaces or newlines (I don't know who would assign a digit to IFS). Hence, it's safe to use it without quotes. And[ <> -ne 0 ]is a perfectly valid command which is another form oftest <> -ne 0(it returns 0 if the expression is true and 1 if false).[ $? -ne 0 ]in another language would be writtenequal(glob(split($?)), 0)which makes no sense.[ "$?" -ne 0 ]would beequal($?, 0)which makes sense. See also Security implications of forgetting to quote a variable in bash/POSIX shells