Output of lsblk:

and output of blkid:  

and output of cryptsetup luksDump /dev/nvme1n1:

LUKS header information

Version: 2

Epoch: 5

Metadata area: 16384 [bytes]

Keyslots area: 16744448 [bytes]

UUID: cbdd1cfe-91d3-4771-a8ef-f4db3febacb0

Label: (no label)

Subsystem: (no subsystem)

Flags: (no flags)

Data segments:

0: crypt

`offset: 16777216 [bytes]` `length: (whole device)` `cipher: aes-xts-plain64` `sector: 512 [bytes]` 

Keyslots:

0: luks2

`Key: 512 bits` `Priority: normal` `Cipher: aes-xts-plain64` `Cipher key: 512 bits` `PBKDF: argon2id` `Time cost: 8` `Memory: 1048576` `Threads: 4`  `Salt: 8e 31 db 5e c1 36 79 f4 13 5d 8e aa 8b cd 75 f5 52 ed ac 81 7b cd 27 e9 f4 da 05 97 4b da 7d 00` AF stripes: 4000 AF hash: sha256 Area offset:290816 [bytes] Area length:258048 [bytes] Digest ID: 0 

Tokens:

Digests:

0: pbkdf2

`Hash: sha256 Iterations: 166970 Salt: 6f aa 5d 52 7d aa 51 65 2b f4 19 89 b6 dc 3c 63 d0 c5 a0 92 a8 5f 8f 92 37 4a f4 b3 a2 f9 2c c7 Digest: d6 1a 7f 0c 5c d3 1e 1e d2 97 b8 65 64 13 46 43 10 d8 f5 94 44 a8 ae b2 eb cb 6a 9f 4a c0 45 df` 

Output of lsblk:

and output of blkid: 

and output of cryptsetup luksDump /dev/nvme1n1:

LUKS header information Version: 2 Epoch: 5 Metadata area: 16384 [bytes] Keyslots area: 16744448 [bytes] UUID: cbdd1cfe-91d3-4771-a8ef-f4db3febacb0 Label: (no label) Subsystem: (no subsystem) Flags:  (no flags) Data segments: 0: crypt offset: 16777216 [bytes]  length: (whole device)  cipher: aes-xts-plain64  sector: 512 [bytes]  Keyslots:   0: luks2  Key:  512 bits  Priority: normal  Cipher: aes-xts-plain64   Cipher key: 512 bits  PBKDF: argon2id   Time cost: 8  Memory: 1048576  Threads: 4  Salt: 8e 31 db 5e c1 36 79 f4 13 5d 8e aa 8b cd 75 f5   52 ed ac 81 7b cd 27 e9 f4 da 05 97 4b da 7d 00  AF stripes: 4000  AF hash: sha256  Area offset:290816 [bytes]  Area length:258048 [bytes]  Digest ID: 0 Tokens: Digests: 0: pbkdf2  Hash:  sha256  Iterations: 166970  Salt: 6f aa 5d 52 7d aa 51 65 2b f4 19 89 b6 dc 3c 63   d0 c5 a0 92 a8 5f 8f 92 37 4a f4 b3 a2 f9 2c c7  Digest: d6 1a 7f 0c 5c d3 1e 1e d2 97 b8 65 64 13 46 43   10 d8 f5 94 44 a8 ae b2 eb cb 6a 9f 4a c0 45 df 

In my laptop I have two LUKS encrypted SSDs, one is system SSD (nvme0n1), where the Home folder is with ecryptfs encrypted, another one is Data SSD (nvme1n1), which is purely LUKS encrypted. Both SSDs have the same password. My OS is LMDE6. After some update, I couldn't enter my system, probably because of some failed initramfs update, it said all the time "cryptsetup failed, bad password or options". I've booted a live system and with the help of chroot I've added a new passphrase to the system SSD and could then enter my system again.

Then I made a terrible mistake: since the system SSD has a new passphrase, I've changed the Data SSD passphrase accordingly via Gnome-Disks, when the Data SSD was mounted. But after the reboot, I couldn't access my Data SSD. It keeps saying all the time "Error unlocking /dev/nvme1n1: Failed to activate device: Incorrect passphrase". But I'm 100% sure that I enter the correct password. Unfortunately, I don't have a header backup of the Data SSD. What can I do now? The header seems to be intact, my guess is the keyslot got damaged during passphrase change via Gnome-Disks. I leave here some outputs of the Data SSD (nvme1n1). Output of lsblk:

I have two LUKS-encrypted SSDs in my laptop: one is the system SSD (nvme0n1), which contains my Home folder encrypted with eCryptfs, and the other is a Data SSD (nvme1n1), which is fully LUKS-encrypted. Both SSDs share the same passphrase. My operating system is LMDE 6. 

After a recent update, I was unable to access my system. The error message displayed was: "cryptsetup failed, bad password or options," which I suspect was caused by a failed initramfs update. To resolve the issue, I booted from a live system and, using chroot, I added a new passphrase to the system SSD, which allowed me to regain access to my system.

However, I made a critical mistake. Since the system SSD now had a new passphrase, I proceeded to change the passphrase on the Data SSD via Gnome Disks while the Data SSD was mounted. After rebooting, I was unable to unlock the Data SSD. The error message now says: "Error unlocking /dev/nvme1n1: Failed to activate device: Incorrect passphrase." I'm absolutely certain the passphrase I’m entering is correct. 

Unfortunately, I don't have a backup of the Data SSD header. It seems the header is intact, and I suspect the issue might be that the keyslot got damaged during the passphrase change through Gnome Disks.

I’ve attached some outputs from the Data SSD for further analysis. What steps can I take to recover access to the Data SSD?

Output of lsblk: