I disagree with the above poster in that you can make your computer faster by optimizing the kernel configuration and utilizing a newer kernel as sometimes they have improved drivers, especially in areas like wifi and gpus. That said, a more dramatic increase to speeds can be made with userspace modifications.
I looked at the specs on the wiki for your computer (weak CPU, not a lot of RAM) and here's what I would do (ordered from greatest improvement to least improvement):
1) Revisit your applications: you don't have a lot of CPU horsepower so I would scrap Firefox/Chrome and go with something like Opera or Midori. For PDFs, use Evince. Try to find lightweight alternatives to all of your normal applications.
2) Consider using a lightweight desktop, not Gnome, Unity, or KDE. I would go with XFCE, LXDE, OpenBox, or even Joe's Window Manager if you don't mind some additional configuration. If you don't want to spend a lot of time on this, I would choose a different distro that focuses on being lightweight, has 64-bit support, and has one of the desktop environments I mentioned as the default.
3) To optimize the SSD: take a look at https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_State_Drives. In particular, I would recommend the noatime mount option, enabling trim, and setting the I/O scheduler to noop.
4) Try out the latest stable kernel and recompile, selecting your specific processor in the configuration at the very least. There are several other optimizations you could try but this is a good starting point.