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I'm running out of space on my root partition. Currently, I'm using 

uname -a Linux thinkpad-nc 4.9.0-9-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.168-1+deb9u2 (2019-05-13) x86_64 GNU/Linux

Here is an output of df:

df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 16G 0 16G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.2G 18M 3.2G 1% /run /dev/nvme0n1p2 28G 26G 226M 100% / tmpfs 16G 234M 16G 2% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/nvme0n1p4 410G 86G 303G 23% /home /dev/nvme0n1p1 511M 132K 511M 1% /boot/efi tmpfs 3.2G 4.0K 3.2G 1% /run/user/112 tmpfs 3.2G 20K 3.2G 1% /run/user/1000

I have already done an autoclean and removed not needed linux headers. What else can I do or how can I inspect what is going on.

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You could use du or ncdu to inspect which folders hold the most content. ncdu is more powerful and you can navigate the folders interactively, whereas du is a one-shot. It might be necessary to install ncdu.

For ncdu a typical command call would be as follows, to inspect your root file system and to not descent into other file systems.

ncdu -x /

Calling du to get an overview would be as follows. But you also could increase the --max-depth to also list descendant directories.

du -hx --max-depth=1 / | sort -h

This is only the first step to find which folders hold the most content. Second would be to delete things, but that depends on what you find and if corresponding files can be deleted.
I would first start to look for old log files or large log files which may be filled rapidly by a misbehaving service.

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