According to [trash-put manpage](http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man1/trash-put.1.html), trash-put puts the files on the trash, which is defined by the [FreeDesktop.org Trash Specification](http://standards.freedesktop.org/trash-spec/trashspec-latest.html).

In chapter _Trash directories_, Trashing follows such fallback process:

1. Home trash, located in `$XDG_DATA_HOME/Trash`. In your case, it may be `/root/Trash` for root. It's also possible that sudo passed `$XDG_DATA_HOME` through, so also try looking for it under your own trash. It is the **main trash** used.
2. For directories not sharing the same mount root as `$XDG_DATA_HOME`, a trash in the top directories of the mounted directories may be used. 
 1. `$topdir/.Trash/$UID` may be tried first.
 2. If the test fails (e.g. `$topdir/.Trash` doesn't exist), use `$topdir/.Trash-$UID`. In your case, try looking for it in `/.Trash-0`, since `sudo` makes your UID root.