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/dev/console is a virtual console device which can be set as a parameter at boot time. It might be redirected to a serial device, a virtual console, whatever and by default points to /dev/tty0. Multiple console= options can be passed to the kernel in which case the console output will go to more than one device.

/dev/tty0 is the main virtual console

/dev/tty[1-x] is one of the other virtual consoles you switch to with control-alt-F1 and so on.

/dev/tty is the console (if any) used by the process querying it.