I think this picture explains enough:
socket or numa node is a collection of cores with a local access to memory. Each socket contains 1 or more cores. Note that this does not necessarily refer to a physical socket, but rather to the memory architecture of the machine, which will depend on your chip vendor.
processor core (cpu core, logical processor) refers to a single processing unit capable of performing computations.
So the above indicates that you would need multiple processors in the machine to leverage NUMA architecture.