It's definitely not supported in GUI Vim, and I'd be surprised if there were more than handful of terminal emulators that support proportional fonts in the way that you're hoping for: it would break too many of the standard things for which terminals are used. As so many parts of Unix and other command-line environments presume monospaced fonts, this type of display couldn't be used as a general purpose terminal, so the terminal's developer would have to have carried out additional work for little benefit.
However, there does exist at least one Terminal emulator that's implemented using web technologies (Ajaxterm), and as this uses HTML/CSS for rendering, it's possible to make it to use a proportional font using CSS. CJS Hayward has done just this, but it requires using a very old browser.
If you were to run Vim in such a terminal, then you'd get what you're asking for; just be prepared for wacky hijinx when you use any column-based features. (e.g. j, k, blockwise visual mode, or the 'colorcolumn' option)
UPDATE As original question-asker Carpetsmoker points out in a commentCarpetsmoker points out in a comment, Emacs has proper proportional font support and also includes a terminal emulator (M-x term), inside which you can run Vim. Dedicated proportional-font enthusiasts might also like to look into Emacs's Evil to get a Vim-like experience within Emacs.