Proteales

The inferred shift to wind pollination in the chloranthaceous line may be analogous to a somewhat later shift to wind in basal eudicot lines, exemplified by fossils related to Platanus (Proteales) in the Albian of Laurasia (Friis et al., 1988, 2011; Crane et al., 1993; Doyle & Endress, 2010), which include some of the first locally dominant angiosperms in leaf floras (Sapindopsis, "platanoids": Doyle & Hickey, 1976; Hickey & Doyle, 1977; Doyle & Upchurch, 2014; Sender et al., 2016).

ciliata feeds primarily on leaves of plane and sycamore trees (Platanus spp.; Proteales: Plantanaceae), reducing photosynthesis and promoting diseases, which may be followed by death of the foliage.

Elaborate monosymmetric flowers have evolved several times, at least once in Papaveraceae (Murbeck, 1912; Liden, 1993; Damerval & Nadot, 2007) and at least once in Ranunculaceae (Mair, 1977; Jabbour et al., 2009a), both families in Ranuneulales, and also in Sabiaceae (Ronse De Craene & Wanntorp, 2008), and more or less elaborate in Proteaceae (Proteales; Douglas, 1997; Weston, 2007).

The macadamia nut tree, Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche (Proteales: Proteaceae), an arboreal species, is cultivated commercially in several regions of the world (Pimentel et al.

The sister relationship implies that the Proteaceae lineage is also this old, and any fossils would be of great interest with respect to evolution in Proteales.

(Proteales; Platanaceae), (Halbert & Meeker 2001; Ju et al.