node.js - Setting expiry time for a collection in mongodb using mongoose

Node.js - Setting expiry time for a collection in mongodb using mongoose

In MongoDB with Mongoose, you can set an expiry time for documents in a collection using the expires property in the schema definition. This feature allows you to automatically remove documents from a collection after a certain period.

Here's how you can do it:

  1. Define the Schema with expires Option:

    When defining your Mongoose schema, specify the expires option for the field that should control document expiry. Typically, this is a Date field indicating when the document should expire.

    const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const Schema = mongoose.Schema; // Define your schema const mySchema = new Schema({ // Other fields in your schema createdAt: { type: Date, expires: '1d', default: Date.now } // Expires after 1 day }); // Create a model const MyModel = mongoose.model('MyModel', mySchema);

    In this example:

    • createdAt is a field in your schema that stores a Date.
    • expires: '1d' specifies that MongoDB should automatically remove documents from the collection after 1 day from the value of createdAt.

    You can specify the expiry time in various formats:

    • Number: Specifies the number of seconds before a document expires.
    • String: Specifies a human-readable time span (e.g., '1d' for 1 day, '2h' for 2 hours).

  2. Ensure Index Creation:

    Mongoose automatically creates a TTL (Time-To-Live) index for you when you specify the expires option. This index is necessary for MongoDB to periodically check for expired documents and remove them.

  3. Insert and Query Documents:

    Once you have your schema set up, insert documents into the collection as usual. MongoDB will handle the expiry based on the createdAt field or any other field you choose to specify for expiry.

  4. Check TTL Index Status (Optional):

    You can verify that the TTL index is created properly using MongoDB shell commands:

    > use yourDatabase > db.yourCollection.getIndexes()

    This should display all indexes for the collection, including the TTL index created for expiry.

  5. Additional Considerations:

    • Ensure your MongoDB server's clock is synchronized with the system clock, as TTL index deletion operations rely on this synchronization.
    • MongoDB periodically scans collections with TTL indexes and removes documents whose expiry time has passed. The frequency of this scan depends on the MongoDB server version and configuration.

By using the expires option in your Mongoose schema, you can effectively manage document expiry in your MongoDB collections. Adjust the expiry time (1d, 2h, etc.) according to your application's requirements.

Examples

  1. How to set TTL (Time-To-Live) for a collection in MongoDB using Mongoose?

    • Description: Implement automatic document expiration in a MongoDB collection using Mongoose in Node.js.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema const mySchema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: String, createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 3600, default: Date.now } // TTL index in seconds }); // Create model const MyModel = mongoose.model('MyModel', mySchema); // Example usage const newDoc = new MyModel({ name: 'Test' }); newDoc.save();

  2. How to set TTL index for a specific field in a MongoDB collection using Mongoose?

    • Description: Set an expiration time for documents based on a specific field's date in a MongoDB collection using Mongoose.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema with TTL index on a date field const eventSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ eventName: String, eventDate: { type: Date, expires: 0 } // TTL index in seconds }); // Create model const Event = mongoose.model('Event', eventSchema); // Example usage const newEvent = new Event({ eventName: 'Birthday Party', eventDate: new Date('2024-07-04') }); newEvent.save();

  3. How to set TTL index for a collection in MongoDB with Mongoose using milliseconds?

    • Description: Implement document expiration in milliseconds for a MongoDB collection using Mongoose in Node.js.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema with TTL index in milliseconds const sessionSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ sessionId: String, createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 60000, default: Date.now } // TTL index in milliseconds }); // Create model const Session = mongoose.model('Session', sessionSchema); // Example usage const newSession = new Session({ sessionId: 'abc123' }); newSession.save();

  4. How to create a background index for TTL in a MongoDB collection using Mongoose?

    • Description: Ensure efficient expiration of documents by creating a background index for TTL in MongoDB using Mongoose.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema with background TTL index const logSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ logMessage: String, createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 3600, default: Date.now } }); // Create background TTL index logSchema.index({ createdAt: 1 }, { expireAfterSeconds: 0 }); // Create model const Log = mongoose.model('Log', logSchema); // Example usage const newLog = new Log({ logMessage: 'User logged in' }); newLog.save();

  5. How to update TTL index for an existing MongoDB collection using Mongoose?

    • Description: Adjust the expiration time for documents in an existing MongoDB collection using Mongoose.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema with TTL index const sessionSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ sessionId: String, createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 600, default: Date.now } // Initial TTL index }); // Create model const Session = mongoose.model('Session', sessionSchema); // Update TTL index Session.collection.dropIndexes({ createdAt: 1 }); Session.collection.createIndex({ createdAt: 1 }, { expireAfterSeconds: 1200 }); // Updated TTL index in seconds // Example usage const newSession = new Session({ sessionId: 'abc123' }); newSession.save();

  6. How to disable TTL (Time-To-Live) for a MongoDB collection using Mongoose?

    • Description: Turn off automatic document expiration for a MongoDB collection previously set with TTL using Mongoose.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema with TTL index const cacheSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ key: String, value: String, createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 3600, default: Date.now } // TTL index in seconds }); // Create model const Cache = mongoose.model('Cache', cacheSchema); // Disable TTL index Cache.collection.dropIndexes({ createdAt: 1 }); // Example usage const newCacheEntry = new Cache({ key: 'username', value: 'john_doe' }); newCacheEntry.save();

  7. How to handle TTL expiration errors in MongoDB with Mongoose?

    • Description: Manage errors and exceptions when documents expire due to TTL in a MongoDB collection using Mongoose.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema with TTL index const sessionSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ sessionId: String, createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 600, default: Date.now } // TTL index in seconds }); // Create model const Session = mongoose.model('Session', sessionSchema); // Handle TTL expiration errors Session.on('index', error => { if (error) { console.error('Error setting TTL index:', error); } else { console.log('TTL index set successfully'); } }); // Example usage const newSession = new Session({ sessionId: 'abc123' }); newSession.save();

  8. How to query TTL expiration status for a MongoDB collection using Mongoose?

    • Description: Check the expiration status and remaining time for documents in a MongoDB collection with TTL using Mongoose.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema with TTL index const sessionSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ sessionId: String, createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 600, default: Date.now } // TTL index in seconds }); // Create model const Session = mongoose.model('Session', sessionSchema); // Check TTL expiration status Session.collection.indexInformation((error, indexes) => { if (error) { console.error('Error fetching index information:', error); } else { console.log('Indexes:', indexes); } }); // Example usage const newSession = new Session({ sessionId: 'abc123' }); newSession.save();

  9. How to set TTL index for a MongoDB collection using Mongoose with a capped collection?

    • Description: Implement TTL expiration for documents in a capped MongoDB collection using Mongoose.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema with TTL index for a capped collection const logSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ logMessage: String, createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 3600, default: Date.now } }, { capped: 1024 }); // Create model const Log = mongoose.model('Log', logSchema); // Example usage const newLog = new Log({ logMessage: 'System error' }); newLog.save();

  10. How to set dynamic TTL index for a MongoDB collection using Mongoose?

    • Description: Set an expiration time that varies per document in a MongoDB collection using Mongoose.
    • Code:
      const mongoose = require('mongoose'); // Define schema with dynamic TTL index const sessionSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ sessionId: String, expiryTime: Number, // Custom field for TTL in seconds createdAt: { type: Date, expires: 0 } }); // Create model const Session = mongoose.model('Session', sessionSchema); // Example usage const newSession = new Session({ sessionId: 'abc123', expiryTime: 3600 }); newSession.save();

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