How to program in c++ with 100 examples

Page i Dedication This book is dedicated to my parents and my family.

Page ii Acknowledgement My acquisition editor for this book was Sophie Campbell. She was very patient and kind. It was very easy to work with her. All books are the product of a team work and I thank all the members of the LAMBERT academic publishing: including the project editor.

Page iii Chapter 1: Introduction Brief History of C++ .....................................................................................2 C++ Compiler............................................................................................2 How to Run the Compiler .........................................................................3 Step 1:....................................................................................................3 Step 2:....................................................................................................3 Step 3:....................................................................................................3 Step 4:....................................................................................................4 Step 5:....................................................................................................4 How to Run the Program...........................................................................5 Step 1:....................................................................................................5 Step 2:....................................................................................................5 How to Execute the Program ....................................................................5 Step 1:....................................................................................................5 Step 2:....................................................................................................5 Program # 1: Simple Program...............................................................6 Program # 2: Swap the Numbers ..........................................................7 Program # 3: Arithmetic Operation Sum..............................................8 Program # 4: Temperature Conversion to Centigrade ..........................9 Program # 5: Find out the Symbol from ASCII..................................10 Program # 6: Reverse Number............................................................11 Chapter 2: Decisions If, else if & nested if:...............................................................................13 Program # 1: Given number is Odd or Even.......................................13 Program # 2: Greater number from given Numbers ...........................14 Program # 3: Find out the Grade.........................................................15 Program # 4: Calculate the Salary of Servant.....................................16 Program # 5: Find out the smaller Number.........................................17 Goto Statement........................................................................................18

Page iv Program # 1: Table of Number ...........................................................18 Program # 2: Game: Find out the Hidden Number.............................19 Relational Operators................................................................................21 Program # 1: Student Result ...............................................................21 Program # 2: Electricity Bill ...............................................................23 Program # 3: Upper & Lower Case.....................................................24 Program # 4: Age ................................................................................25 Program # 5: Preprocessor Directives.................................................28 Chapter 3: Switch-Case Switch-Case.............................................................................................30 Program # 1: Vowel Character............................................................30 Program # 2: Roman Numbers............................................................31 Program # 3: Currency Exchange .......................................................33 Program # 4: Arithmetic Operations...................................................35 Program # 5: Game .............................................................................36 Program # 6: Multiple Operations.......................................................40 Chapter 4: Loops Loops.......................................................................................................43 Program # 1: Factorial.........................................................................43 Program # 2: ASCII Table ..................................................................44 Program # 3: Day of Date ...................................................................45 Program # 4: Colorful Text.................................................................47 Program # 5: Exponent........................................................................48 Program # 6: Mathematics Series .......................................................49 Program # 7: Armstrong Number .......................................................50 Program # 8: The Word ALLAH........................................................51 Program # 9: Prime Number ...............................................................53 Program # 10: Rectangle.....................................................................54 Program # 11: Mathematics Series .....................................................56 Nested Loop ............................................................................................57

Page v Program # 1: Factors ...........................................................................57 Program # 2: Alphabetic Design.........................................................58 Program # 3: Diamond........................................................................59 Program # 4: Stop Watch ....................................................................60 Program # 5: Numeric Design.............................................................61 Chapter 5: Structures Structures.................................................................................................63 Program # 1: Result Sheet...................................................................63 Program # 2: Area ...............................................................................66 Chapter 6: Arrays Arrays......................................................................................................68 Program # 1: Greater Number from List.............................................68 Program # 2: Binary Number..............................................................69 Program # 3: Sorting Characters.........................................................70 Program # 4: Sequential Search ..........................................................71 Program # 5: Case Conversion............................................................72 Program # 6: Puzzle ............................................................................73 Program # 7: Insertion Sort.................................................................78 Program # 8: Selection Sort ................................................................79 Program # 9: Game: Hidden Word .....................................................80 Program # 10: Matrix Addition...........................................................83 Program # 11: Matrix Multiplication..................................................85 Chapter 7: Pointers Pointers....................................................................................................87 Program # 1: Memory Address...........................................................87 Program # 2: Pointed variable Access ................................................88 Program # 3: Pointer Array.................................................................89 Chapter 8: Functions Functions .................................................................................................91 Program # 1: Square Root...................................................................91

Page vi Program # 2: Prime Numbers..............................................................92 Program # 3: Recursive Function........................................................94 Program # 4: Fibonacci Series ............................................................95 Program # 5: Square............................................................................96 Program # 6: Standard Deviation........................................................97 Program # 7: Character Counting .......................................................98 Program # 8: Comparing Strings.......................................................100 Program # 9: Smaller Number ..........................................................102 Program # 10: Calendar ....................................................................103 Chapter 9: Classes Classes...................................................................................................112 Program # 1: Multiplication..............................................................112 Program # 2: Constructor with Header File......................................113 Program # 3: Destructor....................................................................115 Program # 4: Object Argument.........................................................116 Program # 5: Friend Class.................................................................118 Chapter 10: Files Files .......................................................................................................120 Program # 1: Create a File ................................................................120 Program # 2: Write/Read String........................................................122 Program # 3: Counting Lines............................................................124 Program # 4: Data Copy to another File ...........................................125 Program # 5: Counting Characters....................................................126 Program # 6: Binary Mode Write......................................................128 Program # 7: Binary Mode Record...................................................130 Program # 8: Counting Record .........................................................132 Program # 9: Search Record .............................................................133 Program # 10: Search Name with Structure......................................135 Program # 11: Search Name with Class............................................137 Program # 12: Update the Record.....................................................140

Page vii Program # 13: DOS Shell..................................................................142 Chapter 11: Polymorphism Polymorphism .......................................................................................144 Program # 1: Binary Operator (+) Overloading................................144 Program # 2: Binary Operator [ ] Overloading.................................146 Program # 3: Binary Operators (+,-,*) Overloading.........................148 Program # 4: Inheritance...................................................................150 Program # 5: Derived Constructor....................................................151 Program # 6: Function Overriding....................................................153 Program # 7: Friend Function ...........................................................154 Program # 8: Virtual Function ..........................................................156 Program # 9: Virtual Function ..........................................................158 Chapter 12: Graphics Graphics.................................................................................................162 Program # 1: Rectangle.....................................................................162 Program # 2: Circles..........................................................................163 Program # 3: Masjid Model ..............................................................164 Program # 4: Analog Clock...............................................................171 Program # 5: Game: Moving Ball.....................................................175 Program # 6: Calculator ....................................................................183 Program # 7: Mouse Handling..........................................................200 References .................................................................................................206

Page viii Learning Outcomes This book consists of 100 programing examples of Object Oriented Programming C++. Starting from simple program and ending to graphics. This book covers almost all the features of C++. The objective of this book is to teach the students in an easy way. Students can not write a program in the beginning. It will help the students to create programing skills in C++. In the first step students try to run these programs and later on try to solve it by their own method. However, there are several methods to solve a problem. In these programs, a lot of code optimization space is available. Now students may learn to optimize the code of these programs.

Introduction Page 2 C++ is the extension of C language. The C language was evolved version of UNIX operating system [1]. C language is the subset of C++. Every single command of C language is executable in C++ but the reverse is not possible. C is a structured programing language but C++ is the Object Oriented Programming language [2]. egan his [3]. In 1983, it was renamed from C with Classes to C++. New features were added along with classes. In 1985, the first edition of the C++ programming language was released [4]. In 1989, the second edition of the C++ was released [5]. In 1991, updated second edition of the C++ with new features was released. C++ is standardized language by an ISO working group. In 1998, after the second updated edition of C++ the ISO working group standardized C++ for the first time which is known as C++98 [6]. In 2003, it published a new version of the C++ standard called C++03 which fixed problems identified in C++98 [7]. In 2011, the new version of C++11 standard was released with adding numerous new features [8]. After a minor update in 2014, C++14 was released [9]. And various new additions are in pipe line for 2017. As we know that computer understands only binary language that consists of 0 and 1. It is also called machine language. And we write code in high level language that is much closer to human language. Computer does not understand human language. So we need a translator which translates the code into machine language and then translate the results to human language [10]. This translator some time works as compiler and some time as interpreter. Compiler translates the code as whole and show all the errors existing in the code while interpreter translates the code line by line and if any error is found in the code then it stops at that line. When program has compiled successfully by compiler; it creates an object file with file

Introduction Page 3 consists of a binary code and computer can easily read this file. After compilation, program could run and it shows output on the screen. Compiler translates and run the program as a whole so it creates another file that is called executable fi in the same folder. This file can be run directly. While interpreter translates and execute code line by line so it does not create any object file nor an executable file. In C++ language, a compiler is used to translate the code. There are many different types of compiler available to test the code. There are minor differences between C++ compilers in its syntax. In this book, we are using Follow the instructions given below step by step to execute the in Microsoft Windows platform. Download the programming language turbo C++ compatible for the windows vista or windows 7/8/8.1/10 from the following link or other. http://turboc7.blogspot.com/ Install the downloaded file into your computer. Now you can run the Turbo C in full screen just double click on desktop icon Fig. 1.0 Turbo C

Introduction Page 4 By default graphics library is disable in turbo C. First of all enable it lib Fig. 1.1 Graphics Library O select Directorie the directory setting is same as shown in the Fig. 1.2 below. Fig. 1.2 Directories Setting

Introduction Page 5 Follow the instructions given below step by step to compile and run a program in turbo C++. Progr type the code in the editor or copy the text code of program and past it in notepad and save file with file extension bin Now open the file into the turbo C++ compiler and try to compile & F keys. When a program is compiled then the compiler create an object file with same name. And when a program is run then the compiler generate file extension in the same directory. This file type is executed directly. But in Windows 7 or later version of operating system these file could not execute directly because operating system does not provide support. So follow the instructions given below step by step to execute a program Open the file menu in turbo C++ 3 below. Fig. 1.3 DOS Shell Now type the name of the exe file which you want to execute directly.

Introduction Page 6 //Program to just print a message on screen. Output: Fig. 1.4 Simple Program

Introduction Page 7 //Program to swap the two numbers by using third variable Output: Fig. 1.5 Swap the Numbers

Introduction Page 8 //Program to enter two numbers and shows their sum. Output: Fig. 1.6 Arithmetic Operations

Introduction Page 9 //Program to convert the temperature in centigrade. Output: Fig. 1.7 Temperature Conversion

Introduction Page 10 //Program to find out the symbol from ASCII character set Output: Fig. 1.8 ASCII Set

Introduction Page 11 //Program to display the reverse of given number Output: Fig. 1.9 Reverse Number

Decisions Page 13 //Program to find out the given number is odd or even Output: Fig. 2.1 Odd/Even

Decisions Page 14 //Program to find out the greater number from given numbers Output: Fig. 2.2 Greater Number

Decisions Page 15 //Program to find out the grade of given marks Output: Fig. 2.3 Grades

Decisions Page 16 //Program to calculate the salary of the servant Output: Fig. 2.4 Salary

Decisions Page 17 //Program to find out the smaller number from given numbers Output: Fig. 2.5 Smaller Number

Decisions Page 18 //Program to display the table of given number Output: Fig. 2.6 Table

Decisions Page 19 //Program to find out the number which computer has supposed randomly

Decisions Page 20 Output: Fig. 2.7 Game: Hidden Number

Decisions Page 22 Output: Fig. 2.8 Result

Decisions Page 23 //Program to calculate the electricity bill of consumed units given by user Output: Fig. 2.9 Electricity Bill

Decisions Page 24 //Program to convert the letter upper case to lower & lower to upper Output: Fig. 2.10 Upper/Lower Case

Decisions Page 25 //Program to calculate the age of human by entering date of birth

Decisions Page 27 Output: Fig. 2.11 Age

Decisions Page 28 //Program example in which define some words against symbols Output: Fig. 2.12 Preprocessor Directives

Switch-Case Page 30 //Program to find out the given character is vowel or not Output: Fig. 3.1 Vowel

Switch-Case Page 31 //Program to display the given number in roman numbers

Switch-Case Page 32 Output: Fig. 3.2 Roman Number

Switch-Case Page 33 //Program to convert the dollar into different currencies

Switch-Case Page 34 Output: Fig. 3.3 Currency Exchange

Switch-Case Page 35 //Program to solve arithmetic operations Output: Fig. 3.4 Arithmetic Operations

Switch-Case Page 36 //Program to generate random number in circles and find out the sum.

Switch-Case Page 39 Output: Fig. 3.5 Game: Random Number

Switch-Case Page 40 //Program to select an operation from list and display its results

Switch-Case Page 41 Output: Fig. 3.6 Multiple Operation

Loops Page 43 //Program to calculate the factorial of given number Output: Fig. 4.1 Factorial

Loops Page 44 //Program to display the ASCII table on screen Output: Fig. 4.2 ASCII Table

Loops Page 45 //Program to find out the day of given date starting from Jan. 2001

Loops Page 46 Output: Fig. 4.3 Day

Loops Page 47 //Program to display the text in different colors Output: Fig. 4.4 Color Text

Loops Page 48 //Program to find out the exponent of given number Output: Fig. 4.5 Exponent

Loops Page 49 //Program to find the nth terms of its factorial Output: Fig. 4.6 Mathematical Series

Loops Page 50 //Program to find out the Armstrong numbers from 1 500. Output: Fig. 4.7 Armstrong Number

Loops Page 51 //Program to display the word ALLAH on middle of the screen

Loops Page 52 Output: Fig. 4.8 ALLAH

Loops Page 53 //Program to find out the given number is prime or not Output: Fig. 4.9 Prime Number

Loops Page 54 //Program to display the rectangle on the screen

Loops Page 55 Output: Fig. 4.10 Rectangle

Loops Page 56 //Program to display the sum of mathematic series Output: Fig. 4.11 Mathematic Series

Loops Page 57 //Program to find out the factors of given number Output: Fig. 4.12 Factors

Loops Page 58 //Program to display the alphabetic design on screen Output: Fig. 4.13 Design

Loops Page 59 //Program to display the diamond design on screen with star Output: Fig. 4.14 Diamond

Loops Page 60 //Program to display a stop watch on screen for 2 minutes Output: Fig. 4.15 Stop Watch

Loops Page 61 //Program to display a design of numbers Output: Fig. 4.16 Numeric Design

Structures Page 63 //Program to display the student result on screen

Structures Page 65 Output: Fig. 5.1 Result Sheet

Structures Page 66 //Program to calculate the area of a room Output: Fig. 5.2 Area

Arrays Page 68 //Program to find out the greater number from list Output: Fig. 6.1 Greater Number

Arrays Page 69 //Program to convert the decimal number into binary number Output: Fig. 6.2 Binary Number

Arrays Page 70 //Program to sort characters in ascending order by using bubble sort Output: Fig. 6.3 Bubble Sort

Arrays Page 71 //Program to search a number from list by sequential search Output: Fig. 6.4 Sequential Search

Arrays Page 72 //Program to convert the small case letters to upper case letters Output: Fig. 6.5 Case Conversion

Arrays Page 73 //Program to rearrange the hexadecimal number in puzzle

Arrays Page 77 Output: Fig. 6.6 Puzzle

Arrays Page 78 //Program to sort the numbers by using insertion sort Output: Fig. 6.7 Insertion Sort

Arrays Page 79 //Program to sort the numbers by using selection sort Output: Fig. 6.8 Selection Sort

Arrays Page 80 //Program try to complete the hidden word by guess

Arrays Page 82 Output: Fig. 6.9 Game: Hidden Word

Arrays Page 83 //Program to sum of two matrix

Arrays Page 84 Output: Fig. 6.10 Matrix Addition

Arrays Page 85 //Program to multiply of two matrices Output: Fig. 6.11 Matrix Multiplication

Pointers Page 87 //Program to display the memory address of a variable Output: Fig. 7.1 Memory Address

Pointers Page 88 //Program to access the variable to be pointed Output: Fig. 7.2 Pointed Access

Pointers Page 89 //Program to print the values of pointer character array Output: Fig. 7.3 Pointer Array

Functions Page 91 //Program to calculate the square root of given number Output: Fig. 8.1 Square Root

Functions Page 92 //Program to find out the prime numbers from a given range

Functions Page 93 Output: Fig. 8.2 Prime Numbers

Functions Page 94 //Program to find out the raise to power of given number by recursion Output: Fig. 8.3 Recursion

Functions Page 95 //Program to display the Fibonacci series Output: Fig. 8.4 Fibonacci Series

Functions Page 96 //Program to display the square with wide distance Output: Fig. 8.5 Square

Functions Page 97 //Program to calculate the standard deviation of given range Output: Fig. 8.6 Standard Deviation

Functions Page 98 //Program to calculate the no of characters in the given string

Functions Page 99 Output: Fig. 8.7 Character Counting

Functions Page 100 //Program to compare two string

Functions Page 101 Output: Fig. 8.8 Comparing String

Functions Page 102 //Program to find out the smaller number from the given numbers Output: Fig. 8.9 Smaller Number

Functions Page 103 //Program to display the calendar of the current month

Functions Page 110 Output: Fig. 8.10 Calendar

Classes Page 112 //Program to calculate the multiplication of two number without * symbol Output: Fig. 9.1 Multiplication

Classes Page 113 //Program to display attributes of employee with constructor in header file

Classes Page 114 Output: Fig. 9.2 Constructor

Classes Page 115 //Program to display the message with destructor Output: Fig. 9.3 Destructor

Classes Page 116 //Program to display the distance in feet and inches

Classes Page 117 Output: Fig. 9.4 Object Argument

Classes Page 118 //Program to display the message with friend class Output: Fig. 9.5 Friend Class

Files Page 120 //Program to create a file in text mode and write then read data from file

Files Page 121 Output: Fig. 10.1 Create a File

Files Page 122 //Program to copy string into file and then read it and display on screen

Files Page 123 Output: Fig. 10.2 Read/Write

Files Page 124 //Program to count the number of lines in a file Output: Fig. 10.3 Counting Lines

Files Page 125 //Program to copy data from one file to another file Output: Fig. 10.4 Copy Data

Files Page 126 //Program to count the characters, tab, vowels etc in a line from file

Files Page 127 Output: Fig. 10.5 Characters Counting

Files Page 128 //Program to create a file in binary mode & then put data in that file

Files Page 129 Output: Fig. 10.6 Binary Mode Write

Files Page 130 //Program to open a file in binary mode & then get data in that file

Files Page 131 Output: Fig. 10.7 Binary Mode Read

Files Page 132 //Program to open a file in binary mode & count the total records Output: Fig. 10.8 Record Counting

Files Page 133 //Program to search a record from binary file

Files Page 134 Output: Fig. 10.9 Search Record

Files Page 135 //Program to search a record from file

Files Page 136 Output: Fig. 10.10 Name Search with Structure

Files Page 137 //Program to search the record in binary file

Files Page 139 Output: Fig. 10.11 Name Search with Class

Files Page 140 //Program to update the record in binary mode

Files Page 141 Output: Fig. 10.12 Record Update

Files Page 142 //Program to display the file by using command line of compiler Output: Fig. 10.13 DOS Shell

Polymorphism Page 144 //Program to overload binary operator (+)

Polymorphism Page 145 Output: Fig. 11.1 Operator Overload (+)

Polymorphism Page 146 //Program to overload binary operator [ ]

Polymorphism Page 147 Output: Fig. 11.2 Operator Overload ([ ])

Polymorphism Page 148 //Program to overload binary operators

Polymorphism Page 149 Output: Fig. 11.3 Binary Operator Overload

Polymorphism Page 150 //Program to inherit the class Output: Fig. 11.4 Inheritance

Polymorphism Page 151 //Program to inherit derived constructor

Polymorphism Page 152 Output: Fig. 11.5 Derived Constructor

Polymorphism Page 153 //Program to override a function Output: Fig. 11.6 Function Overriding

Polymorphism Page 154 //Program to multiply of three number by using friend function

Polymorphism Page 155 Output: Fig. 11.7 Friend Function

Polymorphism Page 156 //Program to display a message by using virtual function

Polymorphism Page 157 Output: Fig. 11.8 Virtual Function

Polymorphism Page 158 //Program to display a message by using virtual function

Polymorphism Page 160 Output: Fig. 11.9 Virtual Function

Graphics Page 162 //Program to draw a rectangle using graphics Output: Fig. 12.1 Rectangle

Graphics Page 163 //Program to draw circles on the screen Output: Fig. 12.2 Circules

Graphics Page 164 //Program to draw a masjid model on the screen

Graphics Page 170 Output: Fig. 12.4 Masjid

Graphics Page 171 //Program to draw clock on the screen

Graphics Page 174 Output: Fig. 12.5 Analog Clock

Graphics Page 175 //Program to draw a game

Graphics Page 182 Output: Fig. 12.6 Game: Moving Ball

Graphics Page 183 //Program to

Graphics Page 199 Output: Fig. 12.7 Calculator

Graphics Page 200 //Program to display a mouse pointer on screen and click functions

Graphics Page 205 Output: Fig. 12.8 Mouse Handling

[1] Deitel, Paul, and Paul Deitel. "C How to Program." [2] Deitel, Paul J., and Harvey M. Deitel. C++ how to program. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. [3] Stroustrup, Bjarne (7 March 2010). "Bjarne Stroustrup's FAQ: When was C++ invented?". stroustrup.com. Retrieved 16 September 2010. [4] Stroustrup, Bjarne. "The C++ Programming Language" (First ed.). Retrieved 16 September 2010. [5] Stroustrup, Bjarne. "The C++ Programming Language" (Second ed.). Retrieved 16 September 2010. [6] "ISO/IEC 14882:1998". International Organization for Standardization. [7] "ISO/IEC 14882:2003". International Organization for Standardization. [8] "ISO/IEC 14882:2011". International Organization for Standardization [9] "ISO/IEC 14882:2014". International Organization for Standardization. [10] Lafore, Robert. Object-oriented programming in Turbo C++. Galgotia publications, 2001. [11] Kanetkar, Yashavant P. Let us C. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc., 2008. [12] Kanetkar, Yashavant P. Let us C++. BPB publications, 2010. [13] Balagurusamy, Entrepreneurial. Object Oriented Programming with C++, 6e. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2013.

How to program in c++ with 100 examples

How to program in c++ with 100 examples

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