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![Adding Asteroids ... ship_image = pyglet.image.load('data/ship.png') center_anchor(ship_image) ship = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(ship_image) ship.position = (100, 100) big_asteroid_image = pyglet.image.load('data/big_asteroid.png') center_anchor(big_asteroid_image) asteroids = [] for i in range(3): x = random.randint(0, w.width) y = random.randint(0, w.height) s = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(big_asteroid_image, x, y) s.dx = random.randint(-100, 100) s.dy = random.randint(-100, 100) asteroids.append(s) @w.event ...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutorial-100120184712-phpapp02/75/Introduction-to-Game-Programming-Tutorial-16-2048.jpg)
![Screen Wrapping ... def update(dt): ship.x += 100 * dt for asteroid in asteroids: asteroid.x += asteroid.dx*dt asteroid.y += asteroid.dy*dt for a in asteroids + [ship]: a.x += a.dx*dt a.y += a.dy*dt if a.x - a.width/2 > w.width: a.x -= w.width + a.width elif a.x + a.width/2 < 0: a.x += w.width + a.width if a.y - a.height/2 > w.height: a.y -= w.height + a.height elif a.y + a.height/2 < 0: a.y += w.height + a.height ...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutorial-100120184712-phpapp02/75/Introduction-to-Game-Programming-Tutorial-20-2048.jpg)
![Control ... keys = pyglet.window.key.KeyStateHandler() w.push_handlers(keys) def update(dt): if keys[pyglet.window.key.LEFT]: ship.rotation -= 360*dt if keys[pyglet.window.key.RIGHT]: ship.rotation += 360*dt rotation = math.radians(ship.rotation) rotation_x = math.cos(-rotation) rotation_y = math.sin(-rotation) if keys[pyglet.window.key.UP]: ship.dx += 200 * rotation_x * dt ship.dy += 200 * rotation_y * dt for a in asteroids + [ship]: ...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutorial-100120184712-phpapp02/75/Introduction-to-Game-Programming-Tutorial-22-2048.jpg)
![Rotation ... def update(dt): if keys[pyglet.window.key.LEFT]: ship.rotation -= 360*dt if keys[pyglet.window.key.RIGHT]: ship.rotation += 360*dt ship.dr = (keys[pyglet.window.key.RIGHT] - keys[pyglet.window.key.LEFT]) * 360 rotation = math.pi * ship.rotation / 180.0 ... for a in asteroids + [ship]: a.x += a.dx*dt a.y += a.dy*dt a.rotation += a.dr * dt if a.x - a.width/2 > w.width: a.x -= w.width + a.width](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutorial-100120184712-phpapp02/75/Introduction-to-Game-Programming-Tutorial-25-2048.jpg)
![Shooting ship.position = (w.width/2, w.height/2) ship.dx = ship.dy = ship.dr = 0 ship.gun_cooldown = 0 bullet_image = pyglet.image.load('data/bullet.png') center_anchor(bullet_image) bullets = [] ...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutorial-100120184712-phpapp02/75/Introduction-to-Game-Programming-Tutorial-34-2048.jpg)
![... Shooting ship.dy += 200 * rotation_y * dt if ship.gun_cooldown: ship.gun_cooldown = max(0, ship.gun_cooldown - dt) elif keys[pyglet.window.key.SPACE] and len(bullets) < 2: b = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(bullet_image, ship.x, ship.y) b.dx = rotation_x * 500 b.dy = rotation_y * 500 b.dr = 0 b.life = 1 bullets.append(b) ship.gun_cooldown = .5 for b in list(bullets): b.life -= dt if b.life < 0: bullets.remove(b) for a in asteroids + [ship]: for a in asteroids + [ship] + bullets: a.x += a.dx*dt ...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutorial-100120184712-phpapp02/75/Introduction-to-Game-Programming-Tutorial-35-2048.jpg)
![Chunks ... center_anchor(bullet_image) bullets = [] small_asteroid_image = pyglet.image.load('data/small_asteroid.png') center_anchor(small_asteroid_image) medium_asteroid_image = pyglet.image.load('data/medium_asteroid.png') center_anchor(medium_asteroid_image) big_asteroid_image = pyglet.image.load('data/big_asteroid.png') center_anchor(big_asteroid_image) ...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutorial-100120184712-phpapp02/75/Introduction-to-Game-Programming-Tutorial-39-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byRichard Jones
Introduction to Game Programming Tutorial
The document outlines the fundamentals of game programming, primarily using the Pyglet library, covering topics such as displaying graphics, handling user input, implementing gameplay mechanics, and managing sound. It provides code snippets for creating windows, handling animations, detecting collisions, and implementing shooting mechanics in a simple game involving a spaceship and asteroids. Additionally, it discusses further enhancements such as sound effects, an opening screen, and options menus, with links to additional resources.
Introduction to Game Programming Tutorial
- 1. Game Programming LCA 2010 Richard Jones
- 2. The Basics • Displayingsomething • Controlling animation • User input • Gameplay mechanics • Playing sound effects and music • Further stuff
- 3. Displaying Something • Openinga window • Reading images • Displaying images
- 4. Controlling Animation • Imageposition on screen • Updates over time • Accounting for frame rate
- 5. User Input • Gettingevents • Distinct keyboard events vs. keyboard state
- 6. Gameplay Mechanics • Interactionof game objects • Detecting important events (game won or game over)
- 7. Detecting Collisions • Pixel-Perfect •Axis-Aligned Bounding Box • Circle-Circle • Hash Map
- 8. Sound • Reading soundfiles • Playing sounds and background music
- 9. Opening a Window import pyglet w = pyglet.window.Window() pyglet.app.run()
- 10. Clearing the Window import pyglet w = pyglet.window.Window() @w.event def on_draw(): w.clear() pyglet.app.run()
- 11. Drawing import pyglet w =pyglet.window.Window() ship_image = pyglet.image.load('data/ship.png') @w.event def on_draw(): w.clear() ship_image.blit(100, 100) pyglet.app.run()
- 12. Better Drawing import pyglet w= pyglet.window.Window() ship_image = pyglet.image.load('data/ship.png') ship = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(ship_image) ship.position = (100, 100) @w.event def on_draw(): w.clear() ship_image.blit(100, 100) ship.draw() pyglet.app.run()
- 13. Animation ... w.clear() ship.draw() def update(dt): ship.x += 1 pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(update, 1./30) pyglet.app.run()
- 14. Better Animation ... w.clear() ship.draw() def update(dt): ship.x += 1 ship.x += 100 * dt pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(update, 1./30) pyglet.app.run()
- 15. Adding Asteroids importrandom import pyglet w = pyglet.window.Window() def center_anchor(img): img.anchor_x = img.width / 2 img.anchor_y = img.height / 2 ...
- 16. Adding Asteroids ... ship_image =pyglet.image.load('data/ship.png') center_anchor(ship_image) ship = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(ship_image) ship.position = (100, 100) big_asteroid_image = pyglet.image.load('data/big_asteroid.png') center_anchor(big_asteroid_image) asteroids = [] for i in range(3): x = random.randint(0, w.width) y = random.randint(0, w.height) s = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(big_asteroid_image, x, y) s.dx = random.randint(-100, 100) s.dy = random.randint(-100, 100) asteroids.append(s) @w.event ...
- 17. Adding Asteroids ... @w.event def on_draw(): w.clear() for asteroid in asteroids: asteroid.draw() ship.draw() ...
- 18. Adding Asteroids ... def update(dt): ship.x += 100 * dt for asteroid in asteroids: asteroid.x += asteroid.dx*dt asteroid.y += asteroid.dy*dt ...
- 19. A Little Refactoring ... ship = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(ship_image) ship.position = (100, 100) ship.dx = 100 ship.dy = 0 ...
- 20. Screen Wrapping ... def update(dt): ship.x += 100 * dt for asteroid in asteroids: asteroid.x += asteroid.dx*dt asteroid.y += asteroid.dy*dt for a in asteroids + [ship]: a.x += a.dx*dt a.y += a.dy*dt if a.x - a.width/2 > w.width: a.x -= w.width + a.width elif a.x + a.width/2 < 0: a.x += w.width + a.width if a.y - a.height/2 > w.height: a.y -= w.height + a.height elif a.y + a.height/2 < 0: a.y += w.height + a.height ...
- 21. Control import math import random importpyglet w = pyglet.window.Window() ...
- 22. Control ... keys = pyglet.window.key.KeyStateHandler() w.push_handlers(keys) defupdate(dt): if keys[pyglet.window.key.LEFT]: ship.rotation -= 360*dt if keys[pyglet.window.key.RIGHT]: ship.rotation += 360*dt rotation = math.radians(ship.rotation) rotation_x = math.cos(-rotation) rotation_y = math.sin(-rotation) if keys[pyglet.window.key.UP]: ship.dx += 200 * rotation_x * dt ship.dy += 200 * rotation_y * dt for a in asteroids + [ship]: ...
- 23. Rotation ... ship = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(ship_image) ship.position= (100, 100) ship.dx = 100 ship.dy = 0 ship.position = (w.width/2, w.height/2) ship.dx = ship.dy = ship.dr = 0 ...
- 24. Rotation ... s = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(big_asteroid_image, x, y) s.dx = random.randint(-100, 100) s.dy = random.randint(-100, 100) s.dr = random.randint(-100, 100) asteroids.append(s) ...
- 25. Rotation ... def update(dt): if keys[pyglet.window.key.LEFT]: ship.rotation -= 360*dt if keys[pyglet.window.key.RIGHT]: ship.rotation += 360*dt ship.dr = (keys[pyglet.window.key.RIGHT] - keys[pyglet.window.key.LEFT]) * 360 rotation = math.pi * ship.rotation / 180.0 ... for a in asteroids + [ship]: a.x += a.dx*dt a.y += a.dy*dt a.rotation += a.dr * dt if a.x - a.width/2 > w.width: a.x -= w.width + a.width
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- 30. Collision Detection distance
- 31. Collision Detection import sys import math import random import pyglet w = pyglet.window.Window() ...
- 32. Collision Detection ... w.push_handlers(keys) def distance(a, b): return math.sqrt((a.x-b.x)**2 + (a.y-b.y)**2) def update(dt): ...
- 33. Collision Detection ... elif a.y + a.height/2 < 0: a.y += w.height + a.height for a in asteroids: if distance(a, ship) < (a.width/2 + ship.width/2): sys.exit('GAME OVER') pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(update, 1./30) ...
- 34. Shooting ship.position = (w.width/2,w.height/2) ship.dx = ship.dy = ship.dr = 0 ship.gun_cooldown = 0 bullet_image = pyglet.image.load('data/bullet.png') center_anchor(bullet_image) bullets = [] ...
- 35. ... Shooting ship.dy += 200 * rotation_y * dt if ship.gun_cooldown: ship.gun_cooldown = max(0, ship.gun_cooldown - dt) elif keys[pyglet.window.key.SPACE] and len(bullets) < 2: b = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(bullet_image, ship.x, ship.y) b.dx = rotation_x * 500 b.dy = rotation_y * 500 b.dr = 0 b.life = 1 bullets.append(b) ship.gun_cooldown = .5 for b in list(bullets): b.life -= dt if b.life < 0: bullets.remove(b) for a in asteroids + [ship]: for a in asteroids + [ship] + bullets: a.x += a.dx*dt ...
- 36. Shooting ... @w.event def on_draw(): w.clear() for asteroid in asteroids: asteroid.draw() for s in asteroids + bullets: s.draw() ship.draw() ...
- 37. Shooting ... andHitting ... def distance(a, b): return math.sqrt((a.x-b.x)**2 + (a.y-b.y)**2) def collide(a, b): return distance(a, b) < (a.width/2 + b.width/2) ...
- 38. Shooting ... andHitting ... elif a.y + a.height/2 < 0: a.y += w.height + a.height for a in asteroids: if distance(a, ship) < (a.width/2 + ship.width/2): sys.exit('GAME OVER') for a in list(asteroids): if collide(a, ship): sys.exit('GAME OVER') for b in list(bullets): if collide(a, b): bullets.remove(b) asteroids.remove(a) if not asteroids: sys.exit('YOU WIN') pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(update, 1./30) ...
- 39. Chunks ... center_anchor(bullet_image) bullets = [] small_asteroid_image= pyglet.image.load('data/small_asteroid.png') center_anchor(small_asteroid_image) medium_asteroid_image = pyglet.image.load('data/medium_asteroid.png') center_anchor(medium_asteroid_image) big_asteroid_image = pyglet.image.load('data/big_asteroid.png') center_anchor(big_asteroid_image) ...
- 40. ... Chunks for b in list(bullets): if collide(a, b): bullets.remove(b) asteroids.remove(a) if a.image is big_asteroid_image.texture: for i in range(2): s = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(medium_asteroid_image, a.x, a.y) s.dx = a.dx + random.randint(-50, 50) s.dy = a.dy + random.randint(-50, 50) s.dr = a.dr + random.randint(-50, 50) asteroids.append(s) elif a.image is medium_asteroid_image.texture: for i in range(2): s = pyglet.sprite.Sprite(small_asteroid_image, a.x, a.y) s.dx = a.dx + random.randint(-50, 50) s.dy = a.dy + random.randint(-50, 50) s.dr = a.dr + random.randint(-50, 50) asteroids.append(s) if not asteroids: sys.exit('YOU WIN') ...
- 41. Sound Effects ... asteroids.append(s) explosion_sound = pyglet.media.load('data/explosion.wav', streaming=False) bullet_sound = pyglet.media.load('data/bullet.wav', streaming=False) @w.event def on_draw(): ...
- 42. Sound Effects ... bullets.append(b) ship.gun_cooldown = .5 bullet_sound.play() for b in list(bullets): ...
- 43. Sound Effects ... bullets.remove(b) asteroids.remove(a) explosion_sound.play() if a.imageis big_asteroid_image.texture:
- 44. Further Stuff • Openingscreen • Options menu • Game won / game over screen • Special effects
- 45. Other screen /menu • Use libraries like Cocos2d (Scenes, Layers, Sprites, Animations)
- 46. Special Effects • Simpleimage animations • Use libraries like lepton
- 47. Where To FromHere? • http://pyglet.org • http://pygame.org • http://los-cocos.org • http://inventwithpython.com/ • http://pyweek.org