As noplay pointed out the issue was that Kafka wasn't able to resolve the correct IP, this may happen for example on you EC2 instances running in private subnets without assignment of public IP. The solution summarized:

hostname 

Which will show you the host name, something like ip-10-180-128-217. Then just update your /etc/hosts

sudo nano /etc/hosts 

edit, e.g.

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ip-10-180-128-217 

Under your kafka_folder/config (sudo vim /etc/hosts), your file should look like that:

127.0.0.1 kafka localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain <localhost_OR_DNS_OR_ip_address> <localhost_OR_DNS_OR_ip_address> kafka 

note that kafka is my desired hostname name.

Then, under

kafka_folder/config/server.properties

there's a field "listeners=".

It looks like that

# The address the socket server listens on. If not configured, the host name will be equal to the value of # java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName(), with PLAINTEXT listener name, and port 9092. # FORMAT: # listeners = listener_name://host_name:port # EXAMPLE: # listeners = PLAINTEXT://your.host.name:9092 

Simply uncomment that field by removing the "#" before it. Should look like that:

listeners=PLAINTEXT://<localhost_OR_DNS_OR_ip_address>:9092

• if you get dns server configured kafka will consider your dns domain name so tape this command on your server

  hostname the result will be your localdomain, now copie your localdomain then open hosts file

  nano /etc/hosts add your localdomain.

  127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain "your localdomain"

  ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain "your localdomain"

When working with Kafka, especially in environments where the default host resolution setup might not work (e.g., when the /etc/hosts file cannot be modified), configuring DNS for brokers can be challenging. To address this, I implemented a custom DNS resolver that integrates directly into the Kafka producer. While it might not be the most elegant solution, it works effectively for both producers and consumers.

Implementation

Custom Producer with DNS Resolver

The producer uses a utility method to inject the custom DNS resolver. If enabled, it ensures the broker hostname resolves to the configured IP:

public abstract class CustomAvroProducer<T> extends AbstractKafkaClient implements CustomProducer<T> { private static final Logger LOG = LogManager.getLogger(CustomAvroProducer.class); private final List<T> records = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>()); private final KafkaProducer<String, T> producer = new KafkaProducer<>(getProperties()); public CustomAvroProducer(KafkaTopic topic) { super(topic); configureCustomDnsResolver(); } private void configureCustomDnsResolver() { if (BROKER_DNS_ENABLE) { // Remove if need try { // DEFAULT_BROKER_HOST = kafka // BROKER_IP = 10.1.1.9 KafkaUtil.injectDnsResolverForBroker(producer, DEFAULT_BROKER_HOST, BROKER_IP); LOG.info("Custom DNS resolver activated for broker: {}", BROKER_IP); } catch (Exception e) { LOG.error("Failed to add DNS for hostname '{}', broker IP '{}'", DEFAULT_BROKER_HOST, BROKER_IP, e); } } } ... } /** * Utility class for Kafka-related operations. * This class provides methods to inject a custom DNS resolver * into the Kafka producer, ensuring the broker name is recognized * and messages are sent correctly. */ public class KafkaUtil { /** * Injects a custom DNS resolver into the Kafka producer, * configuring the broker's IP address. * * @param kafka The Kafka producer where the DNS resolver will be injected. * @param brokerDefault The default broker name to be used by the DNS resolver. * @param brokerIp The IP address of the Kafka broker. * @throws NoSuchFieldException If one of the expected fields is not found. * @throws IllegalAccessException If access to the field is not allowed. */ public static <T> void injectDnsResolverForBroker(KafkaProducer<String, T> kafka, String brokerDefault, String brokerIp) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException { Object connectionStates = getProducerConnectionStates(kafka); Field hostResolver = connectionStates.getClass().getDeclaredField("hostResolver"); hostResolver.setAccessible(true); hostResolver.set(connectionStates, new CustomDnsResolver(brokerDefault, brokerIp)); } private static <T> Object getProducerConnectionStates(KafkaProducer<String, T> kafka) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException { Field senderField = KafkaProducer.class.getDeclaredField("sender"); senderField.setAccessible(true); Sender sender = (Sender) senderField.get(kafka); Field clientField = Sender.class.getDeclaredField("client"); clientField.setAccessible(true); NetworkClient networkClient = (NetworkClient) clientField.get(sender); Field networkField = NetworkClient.class.getDeclaredField("connectionStates"); networkField.setAccessible(true); return networkField.get(networkClient); } } public class CustomDnsResolver implements HostResolver { private static final Logger LOG = LogManager.getLogger(CustomDnsResolver.class); protected final String brokerIp; protected final boolean isBrokerIpConfigured; protected final String defaultBrokerHost; public CustomDnsResolver(String defaultBrokerHost, String brokerIp) { this.brokerIp = brokerIp; this.defaultBrokerHost = defaultBrokerHost; this.isBrokerIpConfigured = Strings.isNotEmpty(brokerIp); } @Override public InetAddress[] resolve(String host) throws UnknownHostException { if (isBrokerHost(host)) { LOG.info("Resolving host '{}' to IP: {}", defaultBrokerHost, brokerIp); return InetAddress.getAllByName(brokerIp); } return InetAddress.getAllByName(host); } private boolean isBrokerHost(String host) { return host.equals(defaultBrokerHost) && this.isBrokerIpConfigured; } }