Nested steps refer to calling defined steps inside a "main" one. In your example, the first scenario has the login functionality, which will / can be used in all other scenarios that require the user to be logged in.
So, the second scenario will have a Given step which calls the login action / steps of the first scenario. There are multiple ways to do this:
1. If you are defining those steps in the same class, it's just a matter of calling the same methods inside a different step / method.
Like so:
public class TestStepsOne { // Steps from first scenario @Given("^the user name and password are entered$") public void enterUsernamePassword() throws Throwable { System.out.println("User and password entered"); } @When("^login button is clicked$") public void clickLoginButton() throws Throwable { System.out.println("Clicked login button"); } @Then("^user login is successful$") public void isLoggedIn() throws Throwable { System.out.println("Logged in!"); } // All together @Given("the user is logged in") public void loginSuccessfully() throws Throwable { enterUsernamePassword(); clickLoginButton(); isLoggedIn(); } }
Now you can use the Given the user is logged in in any scenario, and it will perform the login action.
2. Using Picocontainer -> details here
First you need to add these dependencies to your pom.xml:
<dependency> <groupId>org.picocontainer</groupId> <artifactId>picocontainer</artifactId> <version>2.15</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>info.cukes</groupId> <artifactId>cucumber-picocontainer</artifactId> <version>1.2.5</version> </dependency>
You can separate your step definitions.
Like so:
public class TestStepsOne { // Same as above, without the nested one }
and second class:
public class TestStepsTwo { private final TestStepsOne testStepsOne; public TestStepsTwo(TestStepsOne testStepsOne) { this.testStepsOne = testStepsOne; } @Given("the user is logged in") public void loginSuccessfully() throws Throwable { testStepsOne.enterUsernamePassword(); testStepsOne.clickLoginButton(); testStepsOne.isLoggedIn(); } }
3. Using cuke4duke -> details here , includes examples
Like so:
public class CallingSteps extends Steps { public CallingSteps(StepMother stepMother) { super(stepMother); } @When("^I call another step$") public void iCallAnotherStep() { Given("the user is logged in"); // This will call a step defined somewhere else. } }
Hope this helps
