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I am trying to solve a mathematical problem using python 3.7.0 . For this I've installed CPLEX 12.10 and I decided to install some dependencies, like numpy, prettytable and picos. Numpy and prettytable I get it working normal, but I tried downloading picos (using pip install picos) and didn't work. I get a huge error. How can I fix this?

Collecting picos Using cached PICOS-2.4.17-py3-none-any.whl Collecting cvxopt (from picos) Using cached cvxopt-1.3.2.tar.gz (4.1 MB) Installing build dependencies ... done Getting requirements to build wheel ... done Installing backend dependencies ... done Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages (from picos) (1.21.6) Building wheels for collected packages: cvxopt Building wheel for cvxopt (pyproject.toml) ... error error: subprocess-exited-with-error × Building wheel for cvxopt (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully. │ exit code: 1 ╰─> [31 lines of output] running bdist_wheel running build running build_py creating build creating build\lib.win32-cpython-37 creating build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\coneprog.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\cvxprog.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\info.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\misc.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\modeling.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\msk.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\printing.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\solvers.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\_version.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt copying src\python\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt running build_ext building 'base' extension creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37 creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src creating build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src\C "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\bin\HostX86\x86\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ic:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\include -Ic:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\Include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\cppwinrt" /Tcsrc/C/base.c /Fobuild\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src/C/base.obj base.c "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\bin\HostX86\x86\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ic:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\include -Ic:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\Include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\cppwinrt" /Tcsrc/C/dense.c /Fobuild\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src/C/dense.obj dense.c "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\bin\HostX86\x86\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ic:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\include -Ic:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\Include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\cppwinrt" /Tcsrc/C/sparse.c /Fobuild\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src/C/sparse.obj sparse.c "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\bin\HostX86\x86\link.exe" /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO /LIBPATH:/usr/lib /LIBPATH:c:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\libs /LIBPATH:c:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32 /LIBPATH:c:\users\gabri\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\PCbuild\win32 "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\ATLMFC\lib\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\lib\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\x86" "/LIBPATH:C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\lib\10.0.22621.0\\um\x86" m.lib lapack.lib blas.lib /EXPORT:PyInit_base build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src/C/base.obj build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src/C/dense.obj build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src/C/sparse.obj /OUT:build\lib.win32-cpython-37\cvxopt\base.cp37-win32.pyd /IMPLIB:build\temp.win32-cpython-37\Release\src/C\base.cp37-win32.lib LINK : fatal error LNK1181: nÆo foi poss¡vel abrir o arquivo de entrada 'm.lib' error: command 'C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.39.33519\\bin\\HostX86\\x86\\link.exe' failed with exit code 1181 [end of output] note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip. ERROR: Failed building wheel for cvxopt Failed to build cvxopt ERROR: Could not build wheels for cvxopt, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

Also tried to download the cvxopt (using again the pip install cvxopt) and didn't work. I am pretty new to Python programming (used to program in C#) and I even used this same setup to another problem and worked just fine.

I tried downloading picos (using pip install picos) and didn't work and also tried downloading the cvxopt (using again the pip install cvxopt)

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    As 3.7 is EOL you might run into issues all the time as people drop support / maintainment of packaging binary-wheels (and without those, compilation from scratch happens which is not easy and leads to errors as above when not working). Get yourself a modern Python setup! Even numpy, the core-dependency of every kind of scientific software assumes Python >= 3.9. Yes... this will probably imply a need to update your cplex too! Commented Jun 3, 2024 at 10:22

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Based on the installation documentation for CVXOPT on Windows, one of the dependencies for PICOS, it looks like you need the 64-bit version of Python 3.8-3.11 in order to install CVXOPT, but you have Python 3.7.

Wheels for Windows: are available for Python 3.8-3.11 (64 bit) are linked against OpenBLAS include the optional extension GLPK

Perhaps try upgrading to a 64-bit version of Python 3.8 through 3.11 and then try installing PICOS.

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