Added Naive Bayes classifier implementation in C++

[YashAstro11]

🚀 Description

This PR adds the implementation of the Naive Bayes classifier in C++ under the root directory.

• A machine learning algorithm for classification based on Bayes' theorem.
• Supports both training and prediction phases.
• Implements Laplace smoothing for handling unseen feature values.
• Allows data input via CSV file or interactive input.
• Time Complexity:
  • fit(): O(n * m) where n is the number of training samples and m is the number of features.
  • predict(): O(t * m * k) where t is the number of test samples, m is the number of features, and k is the number of classes.
• Space Complexity:
  • fit(): O(k * m) where k is the number of classes and m is the number of features.
  • predict(): O(t) where t is the number of test samples.
  • Data Storage: O(n * m) for training data, O(t * m) for test data.

📂 Files Added

• naive_bayes_algorithm.cpp

✅ Related Issue

No specific issue linked, but adds the Naive Bayes classifier feature.

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Let me know if any changes are required. Glad to contribute! ✨