Searching for the installation method of PVE online, there are many resources available that can be utilized. I won't go into detail here. However, here are some important notes for the installation:

• The installation mode must use UEFI, and you need to enable it in the BIOS.

• You cannot have both the iGPU and dGPU enabled simultaneously. You must disable the CPU's iGPU, as having both active can lead to issues.

Open the PVE dashboard, and log in using the IP address, which may be in the format 192.168.xxx.ooo:8006, specific to your installation. The default login is with the root username and the password you set during the installation. After logging in, you can access the shell at the following location

Begin entering the following commands

• Install the Vim text editor

apt install vim 

• Edit /etc/default/grub

vim /etc/default/grub 

Find the following content:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet" 

Then modify the settings as follows:

• For Intel CPUs:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on" 

• For AMD CPUs:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet amd_iommu=on" 

• For Xeon CPUs, it is recommended to add the following settings:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on iommu=pt pcie_acs_override=downstream,multifunction nofb nomodeset video=vesafb:off,efifb:off" 

Update the grub boot parameters:

update-grub 

• Output the content:

root@pve:~# update-grub Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-6.2.16-3-pve Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-6.2.16-3-pve Found memtest86+ 64bit EFI image: /boot/memtest86+x64.efi Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ... done 

• Edit /etc/modules

vim /etc/modules 

Then enter the following content:

vfio vfio_iommu_type1 vfio_pci vfio_virqfd 

As shown in the image

• Modify the IOMMU interrupt remapping table

Enter the following content to make IOMMU and VFIO work correctly

echo "options vfio_iommu_type1 allow_unsafe_interrupts=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/iommu_unsafe_interrupts.conf echo "options kvm ignore_msrs=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf 

• Disable unnecessary drivers

echo "blacklist radeon" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf echo "blacklist nouveau" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf echo "blacklist nvidia" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 

• Assign the GPU to VFIO

lspci -v 

Next, you should see a list of many PCI devices, and some of these lines may be related to the GPU, with a key term possibly being VGA compatible controller

• Output the content:

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM107 [GeForce GTX 745] (rev a2) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] GM107 [GeForce GTX 745] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 55 Memory at d2000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M] Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M] I/O ports at e000 [size=128] Expansion ROM at d3000000 [disabled] [size=512K] Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [78] Express Legacy Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel Capabilities: [250] Latency Tolerance Reporting Capabilities: [258] L1 PM Substates Capabilities: [128] Power Budgeting <?> Capabilities: [600] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?> Capabilities: [900] Secondary PCI Express Kernel driver in use: nouveau Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau 01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GM107 High Definition Audio Controller [GeForce 940MX] (rev a1) Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] GM107 High Definition Audio Controller [GeForce 940MX] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at d3080000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [78] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel 

Insert the values (XX:00) from the previous step and execute the following command to find the Vendor ID and Device ID for the GPU and Audio:

lspci -n -s 01:00 

• Output the content:

01:00.0 0300: 10de:1382 (rev a2) 01:00.1 0403: 10de:0fbc (rev a1) 

01:00.0 0300: 10de:1382 (rev a2) <— Video controller 01:00.1 0403: 10de:0fbc (rev a1) <— Audio controller

The VID/PID is represented as xxxx:oooo. Enter the following command to map this information to VFIO, and replace the 'ids' within the command with the VID/PID you obtained earlier, such as ids=10de:1382,10de:1382:

echo "options vfio-pci ids=10de:1382,10de:1382 disable_vga=1"> /etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf 

Update the services and then restart:

update-initramfs -u reboot 

• Output the content:

root@pve:~# update-initramfs -u update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.2.16-3-pve Running hook script 'zz-proxmox-boot'.. Re-executing '/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot' in new private mount namespace.. No /etc/kernel/proxmox-boot-uuids found, skipping ESP sync. 

• Upload the ISO file

• Choose upload to upload from your local machine or select Download from URL to download from a URL:

• Create a VM, using Ubuntu as an example

• Click Create VM in the upper right corner of the screen
• After entering the VM name in the Name field, click Next:
• After selecting the ISO file in the ISO image section, click Next:
• Select q35 for the Machine, choose UEFI for the BIOS, specify the EFI partition location, and then check the box for Qemu Agent. Afterward, click Next:
• You can adjust the capacity in the Disk size, choose whether or not to enable SSD emulation, and then click Next:
• You should adjust the number of Core, and it's recommended to use a value greater than or equal to 2. Then, click Next:
• You should adjust the Memory size, and it's recommended to set it to a value greater than or equal to 2048. Then, click Next:
• Disable the Firewall and then click Next:
• Check for any configuration errors, and if everything looks correct, click Finish:
• Go to Datacenter > pve > Your VM and click on Hardware Device:
• Click on the Raw Device option and select the graphics card, but do not select the Audio Controller:
• Check All Functions to enable all device functions, and then check PCI-Express:
• Afterward, click Start in the upper right corner, and then click Console to open the noVNC display:
• Next, proceed with the Ubuntu installation:
• After the installation is complete, open the Terminal:

• Fetch the drivers

apt update apt upgrade apt purge *nvidia* 

• Next, enter ubuntu-drivers list, and you will see the following content

ubuntu-drivers list 

• Install the drivers

Let Ubuntu automatically choose the recommended driver version:

ubuntu-drivers autoinstall 

Manually specify the version by entering the driver version you want to install:

apt install nvidia-driver-"Version" 

• Then, restart the system

reboot 

• Enter the following command to confirm if the installation was successful; the driver section should display nvidia

sudo lshw -C display 

• Enter the following command to output detailed information

nvidia-smi 

• You can also check if the driver installation was successful under the system information section

You can plug VGA or other monitor cables directly into the graphics card, and the virtual machine's display can be shown on the screen. However, you must make the following configuration settings:

• Add USB devices

• Select USB Device in the Add menu

• Select the keyboard and mouse devices

• Select the keyboard and mouse devices under Use USB Vendor/Device ID

• Turn off the noVNC display

• Double-click on the Display item to start editing
• Choose none for the Graphics card item

• Start the virtual machine

• Connect the monitor to the graphics card, open the virtual machine in the dashboard, and you will see the boot screen on the monitor. At this point, you won't be able to access the display through the Console to view it via noVNC

bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ParrotXray/ProxmoxVE-VM-Device-Passthrough-Guide/refs/heads/main/AutoGPU.sh)"