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// Overview / Examples / API / FAQ / Resources

MP: Template Meta-Programming library

MIT Licence Version Build Try it online

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_metaprogramming

Features

Requirements

Overview

API (https://godbolt.org/z/zTdYGvKKW)

// mp::meta static_assert(mp::meta<int> == mp::meta<int>); static_assert(mp::meta<int> != mp::meta<void>); static_assert(typeid(mp::meta<int>) == typeid(mp::meta<void>)); // mp::type_of constexpr mp::info meta = mp::meta<int>; mp::type_of<meta> i{}; // same as int i{}; mp::type_of<mp::meta<bool>> b = true; // same as bool b = true; // mp::apply template<class...> struct type_list{ }; static_assert(std::is_same_v<type_list<int>, mp::apply_t<type_list, std::array{meta}>>); // mp::invoke static_assert(not mp::invoke<std::is_const>(meta)); static_assert(std::is_same_v<const int, mp::type_of<mp::invoke<std::add_const>(meta)>>); int main() { // mp::for_each constexpr auto v = mp::vector{meta}; mp::for_each<v>([&]<mp::info meta>{ /* ... */ }); } // and more (see API)...

Examples

Hello World (https://godbolt.org/z/69jGzqPs1)

template<size_t N, class... Ts> using at_c = mp::type_of<std::array{mp::meta<Ts>...}[N]>; static_assert(std::is_same_v<int, at_c<0, int, bool, float>>); static_assert(std::is_same_v<bool, at_c<1, int, bool, float>>); static_assert(std::is_same_v<float, at_c<2, int, bool, float>>);

Algorithms (https://godbolt.org/z/GvzjvdPq8)

template<class... Ts> struct example { mp::apply_t<std::variant, std::array{mp::meta<Ts>...} | std::views::drop(1) | std::views::reverse | std::views::filter([](auto m) { return mp::invoke<std::is_integral>(m); }) | std::views::transform([](auto m) { return mp::invoke<std::add_const>(m); }) | std::views::take(2) | std::ranges::to<mp::vector<mp::info>>() > v; }; static_assert( typeid(std::variant<const int, const short>) == typeid(example<double, void, const short, int>::v) );

Reflection - https://github.com/qlibs/reflect (https://godbolt.org/z/qb37G79Ya)

struct foo { int a; bool b; float c; }; constexpr foo f{.a = 42, .b = true, .c = 3.2f}; constexpr mp::vector<mp::info> v = members(f) | std::views::filter([&](auto meta) { return member_name(meta, f) != "b"; }) ; static_assert(std::tuple{42, 3.2f} == to<std::tuple, v>(f));

Run-time testing/debugging (https://godbolt.org/z/vTfGGToa4)

constexpr auto reverse(std::ranges::range auto v) { std::reverse(v.begin(), v.end()); return v; } int main() { static_assert( std::array{mp::meta<float>, mp::meta<double>, mp::meta<int>} == reverse(std::array{mp::meta<int>, mp::meta<double>, mp::meta<float>}) ); assert(( std::array{mp::meta<float>, mp::meta<double>, mp::meta<int>} == reverse(std::array{mp::meta<int>, mp::meta<double>, mp::meta<float>}) )); }

API

namespace mp::inline v2_0_11 { /**  * Meta info type  */ enum class info : size_t { }; /**  * Creates meta type  *  * @code  * static_assert(meta<void> == meta<void>);  * static_assert(meta<void> != meta<int>);  * @endcode  */ template<class T> inline constexpr info meta = /* unspecified */; /**  * Returns underlying type from meta type  *  * @code  * static_assert(typeid(type_of<meta<void>>) == typeid(void));  * @endcode  */ template<info meta> using type_of = /* unspecified */; /**  * Applies invocable `[] { return vector<info>{...}; }` to  * `T<type_of<info>...>`  *  * @code  * static_assert(typeid(variant<int>) ==  * typeid(apply<variant>([] { return vector{meta<int>}; })));  * @endcode  */ template<template<class...> class T> [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto apply(concepts::invocable auto expr); /**  * Applies range to `T<type_of<info>...>`  *  * @code  * static_assert(typeid(variant<int>) ==  * typeid(apply<variant, vector{meta<int>}>));  * @endcode  */ template<template<class...> class T, concepts::range auto range> inline constexpr auto apply_v = decltype(apply<T, [] { return range; }>); /**  * Applies range to `T<type_of<info>...>`  *  * @code  * static_assert(typeid(variant<int>) ==  * typeid(apply_t<variant, [] { return vector{meta<int>}; }>));  * @endcode  */ template<template<class...> class T, concepts::range auto range> using apply_t = decltype(apply_v<T, range>); /**  * Invokes function with compile-time info based on meta-info  *  * @code  * static_assert(invoke(  * []<info m> { return std::is_const_v<type_of<m>>;  * }, meta<conts int>));  * @endcode  */ [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto invoke(auto&& fn, info meta); /**  * Invokes type_trait with meta-info  *  * @code  * static_assert(not invoke<std::is_const>(meta<int>));  * static_assert(invoke<std::is_const>(meta<const int>));  * @endcode  */ template<template<class...> class T, class... Ts> [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto invoke(info meta); /**  * unrolls fn N times # optionally passes index I to fn  * @code  * mp::unroll<3>([]{ std::print("mp"); }); // prints 'mpmpmp'  * mp::unroll<3>([]<auto I>{ std::print("{}", I); }); // prints '012'  * @endcode  */ template<size_t N> inline constexpr auto unroll(auto&& fn); /**  * Iterates over all elements of a range  *  * @code  * constexpr vector v{meta<int>};  * for_each<v>([]<info m> {  * static_assert(typeid(int) == typeid(type_of<m>));  * });  * @endcode  */ template<concepts::range auto range> inline constexpr auto for_each(auto&& fn); } // namesapce mp

FAQ

  • What does it mean that mp tests itself upon include?

    mp runs all tests (via static_asserts) upon include. If the include compiled it means all tests are passing and the library works correctly on given compiler, enviornment.

  • How to disable running tests at compile-time?

    When -DNTEST is defined static_asserts tests wont be executed upon include. Note: Use with caution as disabling tests means that there are no gurantees upon include that given compiler/env combination works as expected.

  • How does it work?

    Template-less Metaprogramming

  • How mp compares to Reflection for C++26 (https://wg21.link/P2996)?

    mp meta-programming model is very simpilar to P2996 and its based on type erased info object and meta-functions. mp also supports all C++ standard library and since verion 2.0.0+ mp type names have been adopted to closer reflect the reflection proposal.

    mp (C++20) P2996 (C++26*)
    meta<T> ^^T
    using info = decltype(meta<void>) using info = decltype(^^::)
    type_of<T> typename [: T :]
    for_each template for (https://wg21.link/p1306)
    apply_t substitute
    invoke<Fn> reflect_invoke
    invoke<Trait> test_trait
    invoke<T> extract
  • Similar projects?

    boost.mp11, boost.hana, boost.fusion, boost.mpl

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