Mobile browser redirection To access a site using the optimized mobile browser experience, a new feature named Mobile Browser Viewer must be activated on the site. If activated, this feature checks the device’s mobile browser to determine if it can handle HTML5. If the mobile browser supports HTML5 the contemporary view is shown. Otherwise, the classic view is shown.
By default, this feature is activated when any of the following site templates are used:
Collaboration templates Team Site, Blank Site, Document Workspace, Blog, Group Work Site, Visio Process Repository
Meetings templates Basic Meeting Workspace, Blank Meeting Workspace, Decision Meeting Workspace, Social Meeting Workspace, Multipage Meeting Workspace
Enterprise templates Document Center, Records Center, Business Intelligence Center, My Site Host, Basic Search Center, FAST Search Center
All other site templates require you to explicitly activate the feature. You can activate or deactivate Mobile Browser Viewer in Site Settings under Site Actions and Manage Site Features.
http://office.microsoft.com/en-gb/office365-sharepoint-online-small-business-help/use-a-mobile-device-to-work-with-sharepoint-online-sites-HA102891452.aspx#_Toc351995396
a more detailed info on the redirection feature follow:
legacy MobileRedirection feature
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/ms462572(v=office.14).aspx
EDIT
Your right android uses FQDN and not dns suffix hence why your getting the login issue,
https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/20419/how-can-i-enable-dns-suffix-support-on-android-resolv-conf-search
I think this becomes more of an android issue rather than a sharepoint issue
Does anybody know if there is any workaround on this? (without having to root the device). Is there any way to configure the device or browser to always interpret or modify a given address to its FQDN form? I use Sharepoint, and I can use the FQDN address with no problem, but as soon as the server redirect me, the browser stop finding the server.
http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=8030
you could try this, you need to add alternate access mapping for fdqn as android has no dns suffix
By default, a new SharePoint Server 2013 deployment enables access through the NetBIOS name (e.g., savdalsps01) and not its FQDN (e.g., savdalsps01.savilltech.net). To solve the problem, an Alternate Access Mapping must be added for the FQDN.
1.Navigate to the SharePoint Server 2013 Central Administration site (e.g., http://:6999, e.g., http://savdalsps01:6999).
2.Select System Settings from the navigation pane.
3.Under Farm Management, select the Configure alternate access mappings.
4.Under Alternate Access Mapping Collection, select Change Alternate Access Mapping Collection.
5.Select name of SharePoint - 80.
6.Click the Add Internal URLs link.
7.Type the FQDN http://<FQDN>:80 (e.g., http://savdalsps01.savilltech.net:80) and select the Intranet Zone from the drop down and select Save.
i know its for 2013 but is same for 2010
http://windowsitpro.com/sharepoint-2013/enable-fqdn-access-sharepoint-2013