Java flatMap - whats the difference stream.of() and collection.stream()

Question

I'm trying to understand flatMap: flatMap(x->stream.of(x) ) does not flat the stream and flatMap(x->x.stream()) works and gives the desired result. Can someone explain the difference between two?

import java.util.*; import java.util.stream.*; class TestFlatMap{ public static void main(String args[]){ List<String> l1 = Arrays.asList("a","b"); List<String> l2 = Arrays.asList("c","d"); Stream.of(l1, l2).flatMap((x)->Stream.of(x)).forEach((x)->System.out.println(x)); Stream.of(l1, l2).flatMap((x)->x.stream()).forEach((x)->System.out.println(x)); } }

Output :

[a, b] [c, d] a b c d

Eran · Accepted Answer · 2016-04-24 12:15:12Z

Stream.of(x) produces a Stream of a single element - x. Therefore, flatMap returns a Stream<List<String>> instead of Stream<String>.

On the other hand, x.stream() where x is a Collection<E> returns a Stream<E> whose source are the elements of the Collection, so in your case it returns a Stream<String>, which allows flatMap to produce a Stream<String> containing all the Strings in all the List<String>s of the source Stream.

You can see that in the Javadoc:

<T> Stream<T> java.util.stream.Stream.of(T t)
Returns a sequential Stream containing a single element.

vs.

Stream<E> stream()
Returns a sequential Stream with this collection as its source.

Community · Accepted Answer · 2017-05-23 11:46:01Z

The thing you had in mind was this:

Stream.of(l1, l2) // String[]::new isn't really needed in this simple example, // but would be in a more complex one... .flatMap((x)->Stream.of(x.toArray(String[]::new))) .forEach((x)->System.out.println(x));

Which would also yield a flattened stream of a, b, c, d as you expected. Stream.of() comes in two flavours:

Stream.of(T) taking a single value as explained also by Eran
Stream.of(T...) taking an array (not a List as you expected)

Since, when passing a List to Stream.of(), the only applicable overload is the one taking a single value, you got a Stream<List<String>> rather than the expected Stream<String>

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