The apt command is a more recent addition to the apt package
Date: Tue, 01 Apr 2014 17:04:42 +0000 ..... [ Michael Vogt ] * install apt binary * add apt.8.xml manpage * make fancy-progress fg/bg color configurable via something like Dpkg::Progress-Fancy::Progress-{bg,fg}="%1b[30m" (thanks to Tim Wasser for the suggestion) * Add progressbar to "Dpkg::Progress-Fancy" * fix documentation for APT::Periodic::MaxSize "0" (closes: #740551) * Use mkstemp() in apt-extracttemplaes (closes: #741627) * Add new Debug::RunScripts debug option * do not crash on SIGPIPE in pkgDPkgPM::RunScriptsWithPkgs() * enable DPkg::Progress-Fancy by default when "apt" is used * refresh po/pot and unfuzzy apt-extracttemplate manpage change * remove no longer needed apt.7 page * install "apt" binary by default * add sun-java{5,6}-jdk to breaks/replaces as they provided a "apt" binary as well
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As far as I can tell from the blog of the person who did it, it basically combines the functionality of various apt commands:
APT 1.0 was released on the 1. April 2014 [0]! The first APT version was announced on the 1. April exactly 16 years ago [1].
The big news for this version is that we included a new “apt” binary that combines the most commonly used commands from apt-get and apt-cache. The commands are the same as their apt-get/apt-cache counterparts but with slightly different configuration options.
apt-get etc are lower level, and are used as backends for some things (mainly install scripts), and according to the manual using apt-get in scripts etc is preferable. if you want. I suppose this update is to make things simpler and make apt more like other package managers.
apt installdoes while this question is much more general.