You may still me able to mv that file around it's partition. Try to move it away. But in seems that's disk or filesystem error. Next step I would do is fsck .
Also, try 'strace echo "abcd" > file' and find out which syscall really generates the error like "no such file or directory" because if it not exist it should be created, so something else not exist like bash interpreter or parent directory or echo is not echo but alias.
Another possibility that something removes/restores file so you just not really lucky and it gets removed recreated in same time as you look onto it.
Another possibility is that something specific for filesystem as other guys properly pointed that presence of 'cifs' in file name points to this possibility.