syslog reports that /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb2/2-1 has been inserted, neither fsck nor photorec see it.
Is there some other means to recover the files on this device?
If this is a normal external harddrive, remove it from the case and connect it using SATA. This will help both if the USB bridge chip is damaged (because you then won't use it) but also when the problem lies with the drive itself: many USB bridge chips handle failing harddrives badly (for example often drive read timeouts lead to the entire USB device disappearing and reappearing).
dmesg | tail -n20?photorec? BTW Whyphotorecand nottestdisk? Despite all of this, you should make a bitstream copy before any other attempt!