I bought a new LG 34WK95U ultra-wide screen, which has a native resolution of 5120x2160 at 60Hz.
When connecting the monitor via a Thunderbolt 3 USB-C connection, it gets picked up, but it fails to probe for the correct resolution. Also, once connected, I now get two (!) new outputs. Here is my current xrandr:
% xrandr Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3440 x 1440, maximum 8192 x 8192 eDP-1 connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) # Snip; removed the laptop modes DP-1 connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 2560x2160 59.66 640x480 59.94 HDMI-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP-2 connected primary 3440x1440+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 800mm x 330mm 3440x1440 59.97*+ 59.96 49.99 3840x2160 60.00 30.00 1920x1080 60.00 60.00 59.94 1600x900 60.00 1280x1024 60.02 1280x800 59.81 1152x864 59.97 1280x720 60.00 60.00 59.94 1024x768 60.00 800x600 60.32 720x480 60.00 59.94 640x480 60.00 59.94 59.94 5120x2160_60.00 59.99 5120x2160_30.00 29.98 HDMI-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Those DP-1 and DP-2 popped up after I connected the USB-C to the external screen. I am not sure what the meaning of the second output is. Interestingly, when I did this the first time around, DP-1 had all the modes listed, and DP-2 only had those two right now under DP-1.
You can also see the additional modes I added, 5120x2160_60.00 and 5120x2160_30.00 by running % cvt 5120 2160 30 and 60 followed by xrandr --newmode and xrandr --addmode, respectively.
The result of calling xrandr with either of these two modes gives this:
% xrandr --output DP-2 --mode 5120x2160_30.00 xrandr: Configure crtc 0 failed
/var/log/Xorg.0.logto find out a bit more what the X server thinks it's doing. But very likely you'll have to file a bug with the USB C alternate mode developers (and if this is on a Mac, getting that to work will be difficult).