2
$\begingroup$

Suppose $f:\mathbb{R}^2\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is defined as $$(x,y) \longmapsto \left\{ \begin{array}{cl} \dfrac{4x^2y^3 +x^4y - y^5}{(x^2+y^2)^2} & \mbox {if } (x,y) \neq (0,0) \\ \\ 0 & \mbox {if } (x,y) = (0,0) \end{array} \right. $$

I have shown that $f$ is continuous at $(0,0)$ using polar coordinates, but I am really trying to improve my $\epsilon-\delta$ proofs for such limits. I always end up getting confused with the inequalities. (Sorry if the question is a bit repetitive here)

So for $\epsilon > 0$ I need to find a $\delta$ such that $\|(x,y)\| =\sqrt{x^2 + y^2} < \delta$ implies $|f(x,y)| < \epsilon$

I have tried to work backwards using the inequality $(x^2+y^2)^2 \geq 4x^2y^2$ $$\begin{align*} \left|\frac{4x^2y^3 +x^4y - y^5}{(x^2+y^2)^2}\right|&=\left|\frac{4x^2y^3}{(x^2+y^2)^2} + \frac{x^4 y}{(x^2+y^2)^2} - \frac{y^5}{(x^2+y^2)^2}\right|\\ &\leq\left|\frac{4x^2y^3}{(x^2+y^2)^2}\right| + \left|\frac{x^4 y}{(x^2+y^2)^2}\right| + \left|\frac{y^5}{(x^2+y^2)^2}\right|\\ &\leq\left|\frac{4x^2y^3}{4x^2y^2}\right| + \left|\frac{x^4 y}{4x^2y^2}\right| + \left|\frac{y^5}{4x^2y^2}\right|\\ &= \left|y\right| + \left|\frac{x^2}{4y}\right| + \left|\frac{y^3}{4x^2}\right| \end{align*}$$

Got stuck here and not sure if my approach is correct.

$\endgroup$
1
  • $\begingroup$ Having $x$ and $y$ in the denominator is going to cause you horrible problems with things blowing up. Just use the fact that $|x|$ and $|y|$ are both $\le (x^2+y^2)^{1/2}$. $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 28, 2019 at 19:16

1 Answer 1

1
$\begingroup$

The essential point is that $r:=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$ governs the distance from some point $(x,y)$ to $(0,0)$. In particular $|x|\leq \sqrt{x^2+y^2}=r$, and similarly $|y|\leq r$. It follows that $$\left|{4x^2y^3+x^4y-y^5\over(x^2+y^2)^2}\right|\leq(4+1+1){r^5\over r^4}=6r\ .\tag{1}$$ Given an $\epsilon>0$ choose $\delta:={\epsilon\over6}$. If $|(x,y)|=r<\delta$ then, according to $(1)$, we have $$\left|{4x^2y^3+x^4y-y^5\over(x^2+y^2)^2}\right|\leq6 r<6\delta=\epsilon\ .$$

$\endgroup$
1
  • $\begingroup$ Thank a lot for your answer. It made it very simple :) $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 28, 2019 at 22:05

You must log in to answer this question.

Start asking to get answers

Find the answer to your question by asking.

Ask question

Explore related questions

See similar questions with these tags.