To copy objects without copying materials create linked duplicate of all adjacent objects; they will use the same material (along with other data). Then in order to make linked objects independent from each other (sharing only material), make them single-user via Object > Make Single User menu (or press U while in 3D Viewport) and choose Object & Data.
You can do the same between different scenes by linking them to that scene; press Ctrl+L and in Objects To Scene dropdown choose scene to link them to. Make sure to make them single-user after linking if you want them as independent objects.