Virtual keyboard for typing Latin with diacritics characters

This is already a fairly large program. Before expanding it further you're going to want to go back and clean up a collection of minor and major things:

This program is written for a specific locale. It would be a good idea to be explicit about this locale:

from locale import setlocale, LC_ALL indonesian_bcf47 = 'id_ID' setlocale(LC_ALL, (indonesian_bcf47, 'UTF-8')) 

As is very typical for beginner Python UI programs, this relies too much on global state and global control references, and has too much global code. Side-effects include higher difficulty of unit testing, namespace pollution, etc. There are various solutions, the easiest typically being to move to a class system.

Consider adding PEP484 type hints, i.e.

def find_text(event: Optional[Event] = None) -> str: 

TextArea is not a good name for a variable and should instead be text_area.

open_file has a bug - it doesn't notice when the user presses 'cancel', and crashes when the path is then an empty string.

endProgram should be end_program by PEP8.

Your find code has a bug - when you find a match and the editor string is highlighted, that highlighting seems to be permanent and the user can add substrings within the highlighted area that will also be highlighted. A typical design would un-highlight the substring as soon as it's edited and no longer matches.

I find

 Checkbutton(search_toplevel, text='Abaikan huruf kapital', variable=ignore_case_value).grid( row=1, column=1, sticky='e', padx=2, pady=2) 

to be more legible formatted as

 Checkbutton( search_toplevel, text='Abaikan huruf kapital', variable=ignore_case_value, ).grid( row=1, column=1, sticky='e', padx=2, pady=2 ) 

For the most part you've been very good at keeping your locale-specific content in strings, and keeping your code in English; but there's at least one miss (ditemukan).

global text seems to be dead code since that variable doesn't exist.

A light refactor accommodating some of the above - but not going far enough to eliminate global references - is:

from locale import setlocale, LC_ALL from tkinter import scrolledtext import webbrowser from tkinter.font import Font from tkinter import * from tkinter.filedialog import asksaveasfilename, askopenfilename from tkinter.scrolledtext import ScrolledText from typing import Optional root = Tk() file_path = '' global selected selected = False # font setting text_font = Font(size=12, family="Helvetica") # button functions def select(value: str) -> None: if value == "⌫": txt = TextArea.get(1.0, END) val = len(txt) TextArea.delete(1.0, END) TextArea.insert(1.0, txt[:val - 2]) elif value == "↵": TextArea.insert(INSERT, "\n") elif value == "Spasi": TextArea.insert(INSERT, " ") elif value == "⇥": TextArea.insert(INSERT, " ") elif value == "⇧": caps_buttons = ['|', '‖', 'Ø', '°', 'ᴗ', '/', '\\', '(', ')', '[', ']', '§', '-', '—', '=', '+', 'A', 'Ā', 'Â', 'Å', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'Ḍ', 'E', 'É', 'Ә', 'Ê', '⌫', '1', '2', '3', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'Ḥ', 'I', 'Ī', 'Î', 'J', 'Ē', 'Ĕ', 'Ə̄', 'Ě', '↵', '4', '5', '6', 'K', 'Ḳ', 'L', 'Ḷ', 'L̥', 'M', 'Ṁ', 'Ṃ', 'N', 'Ṇ', 'Ṅ', 'Ŋ', '⇥', '7', '8', '9', 'O', 'Ö', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'Ṛ', 'R̥', 'Ṙ', 'S', 'Ś', 'Ṣ', 'Ñ', '⬆', '0', '{', '}', 'T', 'Ṭ', 'U', 'Ū', 'Û', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'Ẓ', 'Ż', '#', '*', '<', '>', 'Spasi', 'M̐', '˜', '’', '‘', '\'', '"', '.', '·', ';', ':', '!', '?' ] varrow = 2 varcolumn = 0 for button in caps_buttons: command = lambda x=button: select(x) if button != 'Spasi': Button(button_frame, font=text_font, text=button, width=2, bg='black', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=varrow, column=varcolumn) if button == 'Spasi': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=62, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=8, columnspan=4) if button == '⌫': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=3, column=12) if button == '↵': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=4, column=12) if button == '⇥': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=5, column=12) if button == '⬆': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=6, column=12) varcolumn += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 2: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 3: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 4: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 5: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 6: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 7: varcolumn = 3 varrow += 1 elif value == "⬆": varrow = 2 varcolumn = 0 for button in buttons: command = lambda x=button: select(x) if button != 'Spasi': Button(button_frame, font=text_font, text=button, width=2, bg='black', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=varrow, column=varcolumn) if button == 'Spasi': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=62, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=8, columnspan=4) if button == '⌫': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=3, column=12) if button == '↵': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=4, column=12) if button == '⇥': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=5, column=12) if button == '⇧': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=6, column=12) varcolumn += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 2: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 3: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 4: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 5: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 6: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 7: varcolumn = 3 varrow += 1 else: TextArea.insert(INSERT, value) # Menu bar functions 'berkas' (file) def set_file_path(path) -> None: global file_path file_path = path def open_file(e: bool) -> None: path = askopenfilename(filetypes=[('Berkas Teks', '*.txt')]) if path: with open(path, 'r') as file: code = file.read() TextArea.delete('1.0', END) TextArea.insert('1.0', code) def save_as() -> None: path = asksaveasfilename(filetypes=[('Berkas Teks', '*.txt')]) with open(path, 'w') as file: code = TextArea.get('1.0', END) file.write(code) set_file_path(path) def save_file(e: bool) -> None: if file_path == 'path': path = asksaveasfilename(filetypes=[('Berkas Teks', '*.txt')]) else: path = file_path with open(path, 'w') as file: code = TextArea.get('1.0', END) file.write(code) set_file_path(path) def endProgram() -> None: root.destroy() ## Edit bar functions (sunting) def cut_text(e: Event) -> None: global selected if e: selected = root.clipboard_get() else: if TextArea.selection_get(): selected = TextArea.selection_get() TextArea.delete("sel.first", "sel.last") root.clipboard_clear() root.clipboard_append(selected) def copy_text(e: Event) -> None: global selected if e: selected = root.clipboard_get() if TextArea.selection_get(): selected = TextArea.selection_get() root.clipboard_clear() root.clipboard_append(selected) def paste_text(e: Event) -> None: global selected if e: selected = root.clipboard_get() elif selected: position = TextArea.index(INSERT) TextArea.insert(position, selected) def clear_text() -> None: TextArea.delete('1.0', END) def select_all_text(event: Optional[Event] = None) -> str: TextArea.tag_add('sel', '1.0', 'end') return "break" def find_text(event: Optional[Event] = None) -> str: search_toplevel = Toplevel(root) search_toplevel.title('Pencarian') search_toplevel.transient(root) Label(search_toplevel, text="Teks:").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='e') search_entry_widget = Entry( search_toplevel, width=25) search_entry_widget.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=2, pady=2, sticky='we') search_entry_widget.focus_set() ignore_case_value = IntVar() Checkbutton( search_toplevel, text='Abaikan huruf kapital', variable=ignore_case_value, ).grid( row=1, column=1, sticky='e', padx=2, pady=2 ) Button( search_toplevel, text="Cari", underline=0, command=lambda: search_output( search_entry_widget.get(), ignore_case_value.get() == 1, TextArea, search_toplevel, search_entry_widget, ) ).grid(row=0, column=2, sticky='e' + 'w', padx=2, pady=2) def close_search_window() -> None: TextArea.tag_remove('match', '1.0', END) search_toplevel.destroy() search_toplevel.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', close_search_window) return "break" def search_output( needle: str, if_ignore_case: bool, text_area: ScrolledText, search_toplevel: Toplevel, search_box: Entry, ) -> None: text_area.tag_remove('sesuai', '1.0', END) ditemukan = 0 if needle: start_pos = '1.0' while True: start_pos = text_area.search( needle, start_pos, nocase=if_ignore_case, stopindex=END, ) if not start_pos: break end_pos = '{}+{}c'.format(start_pos, len(needle)) text_area.tag_add('sesuai', start_pos, end_pos) ditemukan += 1 start_pos = end_pos text_area.tag_config( 'sesuai', foreground='red', background='yellow') search_box.focus_set() search_toplevel.title('{} ditemukan'.format(ditemukan)) def open_guide() -> None: webbrowser.open('https://kairaga.com/keyboard/citralekha', new=1) # def open_angket(): # webbrowser.open('https://kairaga.com/keyboard/citralekha/masukan',new=2) def about_window() -> None: about_window = Toplevel(root) about_window.geometry("450x180") about_window.title("Tentang Citralekha") about_window.resizable(False, False) lbl = Label(about_window, text="Citralekha 1.0 (Beta) \n\n Program keyboard visual ini dikembangkan untuk membantu pengetikan huruf Latin dengan diakritik dalam proses transliterasi naskah dan prasasti di Nusantara. \n\n (c) 2021 Ilham Nurwansah \n\n GNU General Public License v3.0 ", wraplength=400, justify="center") lbl.pack() def supported_convention() -> None: convention_window = Toplevel(root) convention_window.geometry("400x300") convention_window.title("Tentang Citralekha") convention_window.resizable(False, False) lbl = Label(convention_window, text="Keyboard ini mendukung sistem transliterasi berikut: \n \nInternational Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) \nOld Javanese - English Dictionary \nDHARMA \nJavanese General System of Transliteration (JGST) \nPanduan transliterasi Arab-Latin Kementerian Agama RI \n\nSistem transkripsi: \nBahasa Sunda (Palangeran Éjahan Basa Sunda) \nBahasa Jawa (PUJL) \nBahasa Aceh", wraplength=370, justify="left") lbl.pack() menu_bar = Menu(root) file_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0) edit_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0) help_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0) text_frame = Frame(root) TextArea = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(text_frame, width=65, height=18, wrap=WORD, borderwidth=1, relief=RIDGE) button_frame = Frame(root) buttons = ['|', '‖', 'Ø', '°', 'ᴗ', '/', '\\', '(', ')', '[', ']', '§', '-', '—', '=', '+', 'a', 'ā', 'â', 'å', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'ḍ', 'e', 'é', 'ә', 'ê', '⌫', '1', '2', '3', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'ḥ', 'i', 'ī', 'î', 'j', 'ē', 'ĕ', 'ə̄', 'ě', '↵', '4', '5', '6', 'k', 'ḳ', 'l', 'ḷ', 'l̥', 'm', 'ṁ', 'ṃ', 'n', 'ṇ', 'ṅ', 'ŋ', '⇥', '7', '8', '9', 'o', 'ö', 'p', 'q', 'r', 'ṛ', 'r̥', 'ṙ', 's', 'ś', 'ṣ', 'ñ', '⇧', '0', '{', '}', 't', 'ṭ', 'u', 'ū', 'û', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'ẓ', 'ż', '#', '*', '<', '>', 'Spasi', 'm̐', '˜', '’', '‘', '\'', '"', '.', '·', ';', ':', '!', '?'] def main() -> None: indonesian_bcf47 = 'id_ID' setlocale(LC_ALL, (indonesian_bcf47, 'UTF-8')) root.title("Citralekha 1.0 (Beta)") root.resizable(0, 0) root.geometry() # file.add_command(label='New File', command=new_file) file_bar.add_command(label='Buka', command=lambda: open_file(False), accelerator="Ctrl+o") file_bar.add_command(label='Simpan', command=lambda: save_file(False), accelerator="Ctrl+s") file_bar.add_command(label='Simpan sebagai', command=save_as) file_bar.add_separator() file_bar.add_command(label="Keluar", command=endProgram) menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Berkas", menu=file_bar) # edit_bar.add_command(label="Undo", command="") # edit_bar.add_command(label="Redo", command="") # edit_bar.add_separator() edit_bar.add_command(label="Potong", command=lambda: cut_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+x") edit_bar.add_command(label="Salin", command=lambda: copy_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+c") edit_bar.add_command(label="Tempel", command=lambda: paste_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+v") edit_bar.add_command(label="Pilih semua", command=lambda: select_all_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+a") edit_bar.add_separator() edit_bar.add_command(label="Cari teks", command=lambda: find_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+f") edit_bar.add_separator() edit_bar.add_command(label="Bersihkan teks", command=clear_text) menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Sunting", menu=edit_bar) help_bar.add_command(label="Dokumentasi", command=open_guide) help_bar.add_command(label="Sistem Transliterasi", command=supported_convention) # help_bar.add_command(label="[Beri Masukan]", command=open_angket) help_bar.add_command(label="Tentang", command=about_window) menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Bantuan", menu=help_bar) # Print bar # print_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0) # menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Print", menu=print_bar, command="") # Text Frame text_frame.grid(row=0, columnspan=16, padx=1, pady=1) TextArea.configure(font=text_font) TextArea.grid(row=0, columnspan=156) # Button Frame button_frame.grid(row=1, columnspan=16, padx=1, pady=1) varrow = 2 varcolumn = 0 # Button functions for button in buttons: command = lambda x=button: select(x) if button != 'Spasi': Button(button_frame, font=text_font, text=button, width=2, bg='black', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=varrow, column=varcolumn) if button == 'Spasi': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=62, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=8, columnspan=4) if button == '⌫': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=3, column=12) if button == '↵': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=4, column=12) if button == '⇥': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=5, column=12) if button == '⇧': Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief='raised', padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=6, column=12) varcolumn += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 2: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 3: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 4: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 5: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 6: varcolumn = 0 varrow += 1 if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 7: varcolumn = 3 varrow += 1 # Keyboard Shortcut functions (Bindings) root.bind('<Control-Key-x>', cut_text) root.bind('<Control-Key-c>', copy_text) root.bind('<Control-Key-v>', paste_text) root.bind('<Control-Key-a>', select_all_text) root.bind('<Control-Key-f>', find_text) root.bind('<Control-Key-o>', open_file) root.bind('<Control-Key-s>', save_file) root.config(menu=menu_bar) root.mainloop() if __name__ == '__main__': main()