This can be done using the preprocess function in my_theme.theme. In the case above, the row was formatted in node--view--pagename.html.twig, so the preprocessor function name is mytheme_preprocess_node__view__pagename. In the function, the view is iterated until the node matches the current node that is being processed, at that point, the row_index is determined and set and accessible in node--view--pagename.html.twig as {{ row_index }}.
function fu_preprocess_node__view__pagename(&$vars) { $view = $vars['view']; $node = $vars['node']; foreach($view->result as $key => $row){ if($row->nid == $node->id()){ $vars['row_index'] = $row->index; } } }