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I am trying to understand or find out which method for carrier phase tracking is more accurate: The use of Costas loop or the use of a known sequence of symbols(data aided).

By intuition I would tend to believe that the latter is more accurate as one is sacrificing available time or frequency for the sake of better performance

On the other hand Costas loop can benefit of a longer sequence of data (to my understanding), so perhaps this would make it more accurate.

Any thoughts which might help me?

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Data-aided is better at high S/N, Costas is better at low S/N. A modified loop using a tanh(x) non-linearity seems best. The performance is summarized in:

enter image description here

from: https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/monograph/series9/Descanso9_08_rev.pdf which also has the theory. What they call the polarity-type loop is the data-aided loop.

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