In a lisp interaction buffer, I'm finding that check-parens and the syntax highlighting don't understand single-quoted symbols. For example:
(secure-hash 'sha512 "not so random") The syntax highlighting and the paren highlighting (I have show-paren-mode enabled) for that is wrong: if I have point at the end of that line, I see:

But with
(secure-hash (quote sha512) "not so random") all works as expected.
The major mode is Lisp Interaction. If I change to lisp mode, the problem goes away; switching back to lisp interaction, I see it again. So perhaps a bug with lisp interaction mode?
For the "s" in "sha512", C-u C-x = gives:
position: 3305 of 3317 (100%), column: 12 character: s (displayed as s) (codepoint 115, #o163, #x73) charset: ascii (ASCII (ISO646 IRV)) code point in charset: 0x73 script: latin syntax: w which means: word category: .:Base, L:Strong L2R, a:ASCII, l:Latin, r:Roman to input: type "C-x 8 RET 73" or "C-x 8 RET LATIN SMALL LETTER S" buffer code: #x73 file code: #x73 (encoded by coding system utf-8) display: by this font (glyph code): harfbuzz:-outline-Cascadia Code Light-light-normal-normal-mono-13-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-1 (#x17E) Character code properties: customize what to show name: LATIN SMALL LETTER S general-category: Ll (Letter, Lowercase) decomposition: (115) ('s') There is an overlay here: From 3293 to 3313 face hl-line priority -50 window #<window 8 on *scratch*> There are text properties here: face font-lock-string-face fontified t and when on the closing paren, I get:
position: 3315 of 3316 (100%), column: 22 character: ) (displayed as )) (codepoint 41, #o51, #x29) charset: ascii (ASCII (ISO646 IRV)) code point in charset: 0x29 script: latin syntax: )( which means: close, matches ( category: .:Base, >:Not at bol, a:ASCII, l:Latin, r:Roman to input: type "C-x 8 RET 29" or "C-x 8 RET RIGHT PARENTHESIS" buffer code: #x29 file code: #x29 (encoded by coding system utf-8) display: by this font (glyph code): harfbuzz:-outline-Cascadia Code Light-light-normal-normal-mono-13-*-*-*-c-*-iso8859-1 (#x2F2) Character code properties: customize what to show name: RIGHT PARENTHESIS old-name: CLOSING PARENTHESIS general-category: Pe (Punctuation, Close) decomposition: (41) (')') There is an overlay here: From 3293 to 3317 face hl-line priority -50 window #<window 8 on *scratch*> There are text properties here: face font-lock-string-face fontified t This seems like a bug in the highlighting, check-parens, and so on -- but it that seems like it's something that would have been fixed, so perhaps I'm doing something weird?
This is with emacs 29 on Windows.
C-h mshows them all - you can fold each entry by clicking on the downward arrow image at the left of each entry to get a complete list). I have a raft of them enabled, but I still don't see what you see, so that might be the cause. Also, try to reproduce withemacs -Qand if you cannot, bisect your init file to find out what's causing it.