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Bolsonarism

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Bolsonarism
Bolsonarismo
LeaderJair Bolsonaro
FounderJair Bolsonaro
Olavo de Carvalho
Founded3 March 2016; 10 years ago (2016-03-03)
MembershipLiberal Party
Historical
Alliance for Brazil
Social Liberal Party
Ideology
Political positionFar-right[10]

Bolsonarism (Portuguese: bolsonarismo) is an ideology or the political movement tied to Jair Bolsonaro. His views, policies, and supporters are variously described as neo-fascist or far-right populism by scholars and news outlets,[11][12] although Bolsonaro denied that he is a fascist.[13] Bolsonarism broke out in Brazil with the rise in popularity of Bolsonaro, especially during his campaign in the presidential election in 2018, which elected him as president. The Workers' Party (PT) crisis during the Dilma Rousseff government, precipitated and accelerated by the political-economic crisis of 2014, strengthened Bolsonarist ideology and the Brazilian new right, which are part of the context of the rise of New Right populism at an international level.[14][15]

In politics, figures from Bolsonarism, such as Bolsonaro's son Eduardo Bolsonaro, have sought to attract punishments and international sanctions for Brazil in order to free Bolsonaro from being legally judged according to Brazilian laws, which has triggered a US tariff on the country.[16][17][18][19][20] Likewise, pro-Bolsonaro deputies, with the support of parties such as União Brasil, PP, and Novo, tried to block, intimidate, destabilize,[21][22] and impede the functioning of the legal entities of the legislature (Senate and Congress) as a form of blackmail for their objectives, such as making it difficult to vote on government projects that benefit workers (such as the exemption from income tax) and trying to free Jair Bolsonaro and those involved in the coup attempt and extremists from the January 8 attacks. Bolsonaro supporters have also repeatedly threatened to kill Brazilian authorities and politicians.[23]

Ideology

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Bolsonarism was the predominant ideology of the Bolsonaro government and, according to its critics, is associated with rhetoric defending the family, patriotism, conservatism, anti-communism, scientific denialism, carrying weapons, and aversion to the political left, as well as the cult of the figure of Bolsonaro, often called a "myth".[9][24] Writer Olavo de Carvalho is often cited as having been the "guru" of the Bolsonarist ideology.[25][26][27][28][29]

Although former president Bolsonaro defined his government as "free from ideological constraints",[30] he did not recognize Bolsonarism as an ideology, his supporters – pejoratively called "Bolsominions" – diverge between those who agree with Bolsonaro[31] and those who use the term to express their political position.[32]

Attacks

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Some of his supporters, in the name of Bolsonaro or based on his right-wing ideas, have carried out several riots and terrorist attacks such as 2023 Brazilian Congress attack against the election of the left-wing candidate for the presidency, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.[40]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Silva Júnior, João dos Reis; Fargoni, Everton Henrique Eleutério (January 2020). "Bolsonarism: Brazilian necropolitics as pact between fascists and neoliberals". Revista Eletrônica de Educação. 14. doi:10.14244/198271994533. ISSN 1982-7199. It can therefore be said that Bolsonarism is a facet of Brazilian authoritarianism or an authentic right-wing populism that articulates with neoliberalism, because its characteristics are witnessed in Brazil's social daily life, producing a daily pedagogy of right-wing populism.
  2. ^ https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2018/10/27/jair-bolsonaro-and-the-perversion-of-liberalism
  3. ^ https://trendsresearch.org/insight/bolsonarismos-shifting-alliances-brazilian-politics-in-an-election-year/?srsltid=AfmBOoqQ88buQeLOxn6RQDXmIwJvfwhwH9B0IcEcp4Gr9RqoJzuyZUTs
  4. ^ Bernardino-Costa, Joaze (1 January 2023). "Opening Pandora's Box: The Extreme Right and the Resurgence of Racism in Brazil". Latin American Perspectives. 50 (1): 98–114. doi:10.1177/0094582X221147596. ISSN 0094-582X. Social networks would provide the necessary fuel for Bolsonarism, a phenomenon that expresses an ultraconservative moral and neoliberal economic worldview.
  5. ^ Araújo, Maria do Socorro Sousa de; Carvalho, Alba Maria Pinho de (2021). "Autoritarismo no Brasil do presente: bolsonarismo nos circuitos do ultraliberalismo, militarismo e reacionarismo". Revista Katálysis. 24 (1): 146–156. doi:10.1590/1982-0259.2021.e75280. ISSN 1982-0259. Based on the critical analysis of scholars on the Brazilian reality, we approach bolsonarism as an expression of authoritarianism in Brazil of the Present, constituted from the convergence of political-cultural reactionism, militarism and ultraliberalism.
  6. ^ Phillips, Dom (14 January 2018). "Brazil's far-right presidential contender gets soft drink named after him". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  7. ^ Barón, Francho (7 October 2014). "O inquietante 'fenômeno Bolsonaro'". El País Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  8. ^ André Singer, Christian Dunke, Cicero Araújo, Felipe Loureiro, Laura Carvalho, Leda Paulani, Ruy Braga, Vladimir Safatle (29 March 2021). "Por que assistimos a uma volta do fascismo à brasileira". Folha de São Paulo. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ a b Ribeiro, Guilherme. "Entre armas e púlpitos: a necropolítica do Bolsonarismo". Continentes: 463–485. ISSN 2317-8825. Retrieved 16 November 2024 – via PPGGEO-UFRRJ. Myth means childishly mixing reality and imagination. Being outside of history but, at the same time, having the powers to intervene in it. Losing the notion of humanity when calling for a superman capable of solving everything seen as a problem. The myth is a delusional cry in the name of the elimination of the other and if perhaps the tragedy of death emerges on the horizon of life and historical time reclaims its rights, the right will always be able to find the excuse that it did not imagine that things would happen in such a way as to how the left would have done much worse. In short, the myth is the impeccable alibi of authoritarianism.
  10. ^ [6][7][8][9]
  11. ^ Gomes, Luiz Roberto (January 2020). "Multiple-faces authoritarianism in Brazil: anti-Semitism, Bolsonarism and Education". Revista Eletrônica de Educação. 14. doi:10.14244/198271994532. ISSN 1982-7199. It is not just about specific periods, such as: the genocide of the indigenous people, during the invasion of Brazilian lands in 1500; or more than 300 years of official slavery; the Vargas Dictatorship in Estado Novo; the "Years of Lead" (1964-1984); or the extremist authoritarian personality – of a fascist type – of Jair Bolsonaro, his government and insurgent Bolsonarism28; which dispute our territory and threaten us every day.
  12. ^ Bevins, Vincent (1 August 2024). "Trumps of the Tropics: Brazil's Far Right Plots Its Return". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
  13. ^ Phillips, Tom (30 October 2018). "Jair Bolsonaro denies he is a fascist and paints himself as a Brazilian Churchill". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
  14. ^ Galinari, Tiago Nogueira (29 August 2019). "A "Guinada à direita" e a nova política externa brasileira". Caderno de Geografia (in Portuguese). 29 (2): 190–211. doi:10.5752/P.2318-2962.2019v29n2p190-211 (inactive 1 July 2025). ISSN 2318-2962. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
  15. ^ Brasil em transe : Bolsonarismo, nova direita e desdemocratização. Rio de Janeiro: Oficina Raquel. 2019. OCLC 1112610937.
  16. ^ Gual, Joan Royo (29 July 2025). "Eduardo Bolsonaro, the man urging Trump to punish Brazil". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  17. ^ "Eduardo colabora com Casa Branca para impor sanções a Moraes, diz jornal". CNN Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 17 July 2025. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  18. ^ "Eduardo Bolsonaro diz que governo Trump mostrou a ele sanções antes de anúncio e apoia tarifaço" [Eduardo Bolsonaro says the Trump administration showed him sanctions before the announcement and supports the tariffs]. Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  19. ^ "U.S. Hits Brazil With 50% Tariffs and Sanctions in Sharp Escalation". The New York Times. 30 July 2025. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  20. ^ Verenicz, Marina (1 August 2025). "Moraes chama ofensiva de bolsonaristas nos EUA de "traição à pátria"". InfoMoney (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 1 August 2025.
  21. ^ "Ação bolsonarista para interditar o Congresso é ilegal, avalia Alcolumbre | Radar". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  22. ^ "'Bolsonarismo perdeu protagonismo no debate e quer criar tumulto para monopolizar atenções'". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 August 2025. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  23. ^
  24. ^ Graieb, Carlos (29 January 2021). "Prepare-se para falar de armas". ISTOÉ Independente (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  25. ^ "Militares entram na mira de Olavo de Carvalho, 'guru' de Bolsonaro - Metro 1". Metro 1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  26. ^ "Guru do bolsonarismo, Olavo de Carvalho orienta alunos a deixarem governo". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 March 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  27. ^ "Olavo de Carvalho chama parlamentares do PSL de semianalfabetos". Estado de Minas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 17 January 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  28. ^ "Guru de Bolsonaro, Olavo de Carvalho reforça crítica ao Escola sem Partido: "Colocaram a carroça na frente dos bois"". GZH (in Brazilian Portuguese). 23 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  29. ^ "Olavo de Carvalho já perdeu 250 financiadores desde a eleição de Bolsonaro". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  30. ^ "Cinco pontos que marcaram os discursos de posse de Bolsonaro". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  31. ^ "Silas Malafaia: "Não sou bolsominion"". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  32. ^ "O que é ser bolsonarista?". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  33. ^ "Rodovias têm 167 bloqueios com protestos de bolsonaristas; veja situação por estado". Valor Investe (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  34. ^ "Acordo da PGR com investigados por atos golpistas pode prever curso sobre democracia". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 18 September 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  35. ^ "Capitólio do Brasil, ato violento: como invasão repercute pelo mundo [08/01/2023]". UOL (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  36. ^ "Trailer de homem que atacou STF tinha boné com slogan de Bolsonaro | Radar". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  37. ^ "O terrorista bolsonarista e a anistia". CartaCapital (in Brazilian Portuguese). 14 November 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  38. ^ Filho, João (16 November 2024). "Bombas de 'Tio França' não são caso isolado, são terrorismo bolsonarista". Intercept Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  39. ^ "Lobo solitário ou alcateia terrorista: Brasília vê guerra de narrativas após atentado de bolsonarista". Brasil de Fato (in Brazilian Portuguese). 15 November 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  40. ^ [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]

Further reading

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