Sql calcite connection properties docs

[Arunodoy18]

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Summary of Changes

Hello @Arunodoy18, I'm Gemini Code Assist¹! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request significantly enhances Apache Beam by expanding the capabilities and documentation for SQL transforms in YAML pipelines, improving BigQuery I/O functionality, and adding useful file system utilities. The core focus is on providing clearer guidance and more robust support for SQL dialect configurations through calcite_connection_properties, alongside critical updates to BigQuery's streaming write methods and a new Python example for dynamic side inputs. These changes collectively aim to make Beam more flexible and user-friendly for diverse data processing scenarios.

Highlights

• SQL Calcite Properties Documentation & Examples: New comprehensive documentation and a suite of examples have been added for configuring calcite_connection_properties in Beam YAML pipelines. This allows users to easily adapt SQL transforms to various database dialects, including PostgreSQL, BigQuery, MySQL, and Oracle, by specifying function libraries, lexical rules, and other parsing behaviors.
• BigQuery I/O Enhancements: The BigQuery I/O connector has been improved to correctly handle the STORAGE_API_AT_LEAST_ONCE write method, particularly concerning triggering frequency for unbounded PCollections. Additionally, an issue related to Change Data Capture (CDC) when using STORAGE_WRITE_API has been addressed, ensuring smoother operation for CDC workflows.
• File System Glob Wildcard Escaping: New utility methods, escapeGlobWildcards and unescapeGlobWildcards, have been introduced to the FileSystems class. These methods provide a robust way to handle special glob wildcard characters (*, ?, {, }) in file paths, treating them as literals rather than pattern matching symbols.
• New Python Side Input Snippet: A new Python snippet, side_input_slow_update_global_window, has been added to demonstrate a common pattern for creating periodically updating side inputs. This example utilizes PeriodicSequence and Latest.Globally() within a global window, providing a practical guide for users.

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