Based on ticosax/cups-in-docker.

Changed to allow cups to run in Arch Linux (tested with version updated in 2015-03). Uses a base-image compiled for the Raspberry Pi 2, but it should just work if you switch to a x86 base-image of Arch.

docker run -e CUPS_USER_ADMIN=admin -e CUPS_USER_PASSWORD=secr3t -p 6631:631/tcp linucc/docker-arch-cups

If you want to support detection of local printers, you need to change the command a little. Here for USB-Printers:

docker run -e CUPS_USER_ADMIN=admin -e CUPS_USER_PASSWORD=secr3t --privileged -v /dev/bus/usb:/dev/bus/usb -p 6631:631/tcp linucc/docker-arch-cups

And install the drivers you want (foomatic, gutenprint, ...) to the container.