🛰️ A curated collection of 100+ papers at the intersection of Intelligent Remote Sensing Agents 🚀

If you find this survey or repository useful in your research, please cite our paper:

@article{tang2025intelligent, title={Intelligent Remote Sensing Agents: A Survey}, author={Tang, Jiaqi and Yan, Yingying and Wang, Qianzhou and Xia, Yuyang and Geng, Botong and Chen, Jianmin and Ma, Ke and Zhai, Youyang and He, Qingfeng and Shao, Weigeng and Sun, Yunjin and Dai, Junwei and Chen, Chuxi and Xu, Xiaogang and Yao, Kelu and Zhang, Lei and Wei, Wei and Chen, Qifeng and Plaza, Antonio and Zhang, Yanning}, year={2026}, url={https://github.com/PolyX-Research/Awesome-Remote-Sensing-Agents} }

• [2026.03.20] 🎉 The survey is now available on GitHub.
• [2026.03.20] 🎉 We release the Awesome-Remote-Sensing-Agents repository.

• 🔥 News
• 📚 Contents
  • Papers — Ecological Monitoring · Emergency Response · Geological Exploration · Marine Supervision · Precision Agriculture · Urban Governance · Others
  • Datasets & Benchmarks
• 🤝 How to Contribute
• 📄 License
• ✨ Star History
• ✉️ Contact

Badge	Meaning
	Preprint on arXiv
	Published at a conference or journal
	Code repository available
	Application domain
	Agent design category (planning, memory, tool use, etc.)

Ecological Monitoring

Title	Application & Tags	Links
REMSA: An LLM Agent for Foundation Model Selection in Remote Sensing		Paper GitHub
ForestGPT and Beyond: A Trustworthy Domain-Specific Large Language Model Paving the Way to Forestry 5.0		Paper
GANDALF: A LLM-based Approach to Map Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Semantic Stories of Sentinel-2 Images		Paper
CLEAR: Climate Policy Retrieval and Summarization Using LLMs		Paper
DA4DTE: An Agentic System for Enhancing the Accessibility of Digital Twins of Earth		Paper
EarthLink: A Self-Evolving AI Agent for Climate Science		Paper
A Self-Evolving AI Agent System for Climate Science		Paper
Towards LLM Agents for Earth Observation		Paper GitHub Model
Accelerating Earth Science Discovery via Multi-Agent LLM Systems		Paper
GeoRSMLLM: A Multimodal Large Language Model for Vision-Language Tasks in Geoscience and Remote Sensing		Paper
CangLing-KnowFlow: A Unified Knowledge-and-Flow-fused Agent for Remote Sensing Applications		Paper
Google Earth AI and Gemini for Climate and Environmental Analysis		Paper
REO-VLM: Transforming VLM to Meet Regression Challenges in Earth Observation
H2RSVLM: Towards Helpful and Honest Remote Sensing Large Vision Language Model		Paper GitHub
LHRS-Bot: Empowering Remote Sensing with VGI-Enhanced Large Multimodal Language Model		Paper GitHub
RS-LLaVA: A Large Vision-Language Model for Joint Captioning and Question Answering in Remote Sensing Imagery		Paper GitHub
EarthGPT: A Universal Multimodal Large Language Model for Multisensor Image Comprehension in Remote Sensing Domain		Paper GitHub
Transfer Learning in Environmental Remote Sensing		Paper
TREE-GPT: Modular Large Language Model Expert System for Forest Remote Sensing Image Understanding and Interactive Analysis		Paper
An Agent-Based Model to Represent Space-Time Propagation of Forest-Fire Smoke		Paper
High-Resolution Mapping of Global Surface Water and Its Long-Term Changes

Emergency Response

Title	Application & Tags	Links
FIRE-VLM: A Vision-Language-Driven Reinforcement Learning Framework for UAV Wildfire Tracking		Paper
UAV-CodeAgents: Scalable UAV Mission Planning via Multi-Agent ReAct and Vision-Language Reasoning		Paper
Geospatial Artificial Intelligence for Satellite-based Flood Extent Mapping		Paper
A RAG-Based Multi-Agent LLM System for Natural Hazard Resilience and Adaptation		Paper GitHub
Earth AI: Unlocking Geospatial Insights with Foundation Models and Cross-Modal Reasoning		Paper GitHub
Empowering LLM Agents with Geospatial Awareness: Toward Grounded Reasoning for Wildfire Response		Paper
A Conceptual High Level Multiagent System for Wildfire Management		Paper
RescueADI: Adaptive Disaster Interpretation in Remote Sensing Images With Autonomous Agents		Paper
LLM-Enhanced Disaster Geolocalization Using Implicit Geoinformation from Multimodal Data: A Case Study of Hurricane Harvey		Paper
Knowledge-Guided Large Language Models for Enhancing Agent-Based Wildfire Spatial Simulation		Paper Dataset
Large-Language-Model-Driven Agents for Fire Evacuation Simulation in a Cellular Automata Environment		Paper
From Perceptions to Decisions: Wildfire Evacuation Decision Prediction with Behavioral Theory-informed LLMs		Paper
ESCAPE: Evacuation Simulation Using Cognitive Agent-Based Modeling on Possible Earthquake in GAMA Platform for the Case of Kalayaan Residence Hall		Paper
Description of Wildfires Spreading and Extinguishing with the Aid of Agent-Based Models		Paper

Geological Exploration

Title	Application & Tags	Links
PEACE: Empowering Geologic Map Holistic Understanding with MLLMs		Paper GitHub
STA-CoT: Structured Target-Centric Agentic Chain-of-Thought for Consistent Multi-Image Geological Reasoning		Paper Dataset
Automating Geospatial Vision Tasks with a Large Language Model Agent		Paper GitHub
A Vision-Language Foundation Model-Based Multi-Modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Remote Sensing Lithological Recognition		Paper
HI-MAFE: Hyperspectral Image Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Feature Extraction		Paper
MineAgent: Towards Remote-Sensing Mineral Exploration with Multimodal Large Language Models		Paper

Marine Supervision

Title	Application & Tags	Links
OceanAI: A Conversational Platform for Accurate, Transparent, Near-Real-Time Oceanographic Insights		Paper
Large Language Model-Based Decision-Making for COLREGs and the Control of Autonomous Surface Vehicles		Paper
Autonomous Vehicle Maneuvering Using Vision–LLM Models for Marine Surface Vehicles		Paper
OceanGPT: A Large Language Model for Ocean Science Tasks		Paper
WaterGPT: Training a Large Language Model to Become a Hydrology Expert		Paper

Precision Agriculture

Title	Application & Tags	Links
AgriGPT: A Large Language Model Ecosystem for Agriculture		Paper
ChatLeafDisease: A Chain-of-Thought Prompting Approach for Crop Disease Classification Using Large Language Models		Paper
RS-MoE: A Vision–Language Model With Mixture of Experts for Remote Sensing Image Captioning and Visual Question Answering
Identifying Potential Rural Residential Areas for Land Consolidation Using a Data-Driven Agent-Based Model		Paper
Planning to ‘Hear the Farmer’s Voice’: an Agent-Based Modelling Approach to Agricultural Land Use Planning		Paper
A Framework for Data-Driven Agent-Based Modelling of Agricultural Land Use		Paper
An Agent-Based Model to Simulate the Cultivation Pattern Change of Farmer Households in the North China Plain		Paper

Urban Governance

Title	Application & Tags	Links
MMUEChange: A generalized LLM agent framework for intelligent multi-modal urban environment change analysis		Paper
AgentSense: LLMs Empower Generalizable and Explainable Web-Based Participatory Urban Sensing		Paper
SoPerModel: Leveraging Social Perception for Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction		Paper
AirSpatialBot: A Spatially Aware Aerial Agent for Fine-Grained Vehicle Attribute Recognition and Retrieval		Paper GitHub
LLM Agent Framework for Intelligent Change Analysis in Urban Environment Using Remote Sensing Imagery		Paper
UrbanLLaVA: A Multi-Modal Large Language Model for Urban Intelligence with Spatial Reasoning and Understanding		Paper GitHub
Automating Traffic Model Enhancement with AI Research Agent		Paper GitHub
Roads: Robust Prompt-Driven Multi-Class Anomaly Detection Under Domain Shift
A Spatiotemporal–Semantic Coupling Intelligent Q&A Method for Land Use Approval Based on Knowledge Graphs and Intelligent Agents		Paper
NavAgent: Multi-scale Urban Street View Fusion For UAV Embodied Vision-and-Language Navigation		Paper
GenAI-Powered Multi-Agent Paradigm for Smart Urban Mobility: Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with Intelligent Transportation Systems		Paper
AgentMove: Predicting Human Mobility Anywhere Using Large Language Model Based Agentic Framework		Paper
Perceive, Reflect, and Plan: Designing LLM Agent for Goal-Directed City Navigation Without Instructions		Paper
UrbanKGent: A Unified Large Language Model Agent Framework for Urban Knowledge Graph Construction		Paper GitHub
Large Language Models as Urban Residents: An LLM Agent Framework for Personal Mobility Generation		Paper
Guide-LLM: An Embodied LLM Agent and Text-Based Topological Map for Robotic Guidance of People with Visual Impairments		Paper
OpenCity: A Scalable Platform to Simulate Urban Activities with Massive LLM Agents		Paper GitHub
TopoSense: Agent-Driven Topological Graph Extraction from Remote Sensing Image		Paper
GeoChat: Grounded Large Vision-Language Model for Remote Sensing		Paper GitHub
3D Question Answering for City Scene Understanding		Paper GitHub Dataset
VELMA: Verbalization Embodiment of LLM Agents for Vision and Language Navigation in Street View		Paper GitHub
EmbodiedCity: Embodied Aerial Agent for City-Level Visual Language Navigation Using Large Language Model		Paper
AirVista: Empowering UAVs With 3D Spatial Reasoning Abilities Through A Multimodal Large Language Model Agent		Paper
LLMLight: Large Language Models as Traffic Signal Control Agents		Paper
GeoGPT: Understanding and Processing Geospatial Tasks through An Autonomous GPT		Paper
Optimum landfill site selection by a hybrid multi-criteria and multi-Agent decision-making method in a temperate and humid climate: BWM-GIS-FAHP-GT		Paper GitHub
Urban Change Detection for Multispectral Earth Observation Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Others

Title	Application & Tags	Links
VICoT-Agent: A Vision-Interleaved Chain-of-Thought Framework for Interpretable Multimodal Reasoning and Scalable Remote Sensing Analysis		Paper
Designing Domain-Specific Agents via Hierarchical Task Abstraction Mechanism		Paper GitHub
GeoFlow: Agentic Workflow Automation for Geospatial Tasks		Paper GitHub Dataset
RingMo-Agent: A Unified Remote Sensing Foundation Model for Multi-Platform and Multi-Modal Reasoning		Paper
An energy-efficient learning solution for the Agile Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling Problem		Paper
Multi-Agent Geospatial Copilots for Remote Sensing Workflows		Paper
Co-LLaVA: Efficient Remote Sensing Visual Question Answering via Model Collaboration		Paper GitHub
GIS Copilot: Towards an Autonomous GIS Agent for Spatial Analysis		Paper GitHub Dataset
Swarm Intelligence in Geo-Localization: A Multi-Agent Large Vision-Language Model Collaborative Framework		Paper
Chain-of-Programming (CoP): Empowering Large Language Models for Geospatial Code Generation Task		Paper
RS-Agent: Automating Remote Sensing Tasks through Intelligent Agent		Paper GitHub
Change-Agent: Towards Interactive Comprehensive Remote Sensing Change Interpretation and Analysis		Paper GitHub
Remote Sensing ChatGPT: Solving Remote Sensing Tasks with ChatGPT and Visual Models		Paper GitHub
GeoLLM-Engine: A Realistic Environment for Building Geospatial Copilots		Paper

Training and evaluating remote sensing agents requires resources that go beyond static image-label pairs. Agents must integrate visual perception with reasoning, planning, and tool execution. We organize datasets and benchmarks into three tiers: Perception, Reasoning, and Decision-Making.

The curated list and associated code in this repository are licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. You are free to share and adapt the material for non-commercial purposes with appropriate attribution.

The survey paper (paper/) is All Rights Reserved — copyright belongs to the authors. You may read and cite the paper, but redistribution or modification of the paper itself is not permitted without explicit written permission.

If you have any questions, suggestions, or would like to collaborate, feel free to reach out:

• Jiaqi Tang (Project Lead): jtang092@connect.ust.hk
• Wei Wei (Corresponding Author): weiweinwpu@nwpu.edu.cn
• Qifeng Chen (Corresponding Author): cqf@ust.hk

⬆ Back to top