REF: _try_cast; go through fastpath more often

[jbrockmendel]

• closes Series construction: _try_cast typo, function often taking slow route? #28145
• tests added / passed
• Ensure all linting tests pass, see here for how to run them
• whatsnew entry

[simonjayhawkins]

can you post benchmark results

[jreback]

could do this check upfront and assign to a variable (as do this at the top)

[jbrockmendel]

sure. might as well optimize to the gills

[jbrockmendel]

with -b ctors

 before after ratio [6dff995e] [29848ac6] <master> <ref-cast> + 2.67±0.05ms 2.74±0.1ms 1.03 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_tuples at 0x11c088670>, True, 'int') + 2.66±0.05ms 2.69±0.09ms 1.01 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_tuples_with_none at 0x11c088820>, True, 'float') - 2.63±0.05ms 2.60±0.04ms 0.99 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_lists_with_none at 0x11c0888b0>, True, 'float') - 2.62±0.05ms 2.59±0.05ms 0.99 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_lists_with_none at 0x11c0888b0>, False, 'float') - 2.63±0.03ms 2.59±0.04ms 0.99 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_lists at 0x11c088790>, False, 'float') - 2.64±0.05ms 2.60±0.04ms 0.98 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_lists_with_none at 0x11c0888b0>, False, 'int') - 2.66±0.07ms 2.61±0.04ms 0.98 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_lists_with_none at 0x11c0888b0>, True, 'int') - 2.65±0.07ms 2.59±0.04ms 0.98 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_lists at 0x11c088790>, True, 'float') - 3.51±0.1ms 3.38±0.08ms 0.96 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function gen_of_str at 0x11c088550>, False, 'int') - 2.73±0.08ms 2.62±0.04ms 0.96 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_tuples_with_none at 0x11c088820>, True, 'int') - 591±30μs 565±20μs 0.96 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_str at 0x11c0884c0>, True, 'float') - 2.77±0.1ms 2.65±0.06ms 0.96 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function list_of_tuples at 0x11c088670>, False, 'int') - 50.5±0.8μs 45.4±2μs 0.90 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function no_change at 0x11c088430>, True, 'float') - 43.0±2μs 37.4±2μs 0.87 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function no_change at 0x11c088430>, False, 'float') - 52.9±0.6μs 44.5±2μs 0.84 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function no_change at 0x11c088430>, True, 'int') - 45.5±1μs 36.6±0.2μs 0.81 ctors.SeriesConstructors.time_series_constructor(<function no_change at 0x11c088430>, False, 'int')