Abstractions for mapping arbitrary Rust types to Solidity ABI compatible types

[davidsemakula]

Summary

Closes #2429
Closes #2428

• [y] y/n | Does it introduce breaking changes?
• [n] y/n | Is it dependent on a specific version of cargo-contract or pallet-revive?

Description

• Adds SolEncode and SolDecode traits to ink_primitives as replacements for alloy_sol_types::SolValue in public interfaces (and analogs to scale::Encode and scale::Decode but for Solidity ABI encoding/decoding). SolEncode and SolDecode essentially describe how to map an arbitrary Rust/ink! type to a Solidity ABI type equivalent (i.e. a type that implements SolTypeEncode and/or SolTypeDecode) for Solidity ABI encoding/decoding
• Adds SolTypeEncode and SolTypeDecode sealed traits which describe a Rust/ink! equivalent of a Solidity ABI type, and implement logic for Solidity ABI encoding/decoding. These traits are implemented for all Rust primitive types that have an equivalent Solidity ABI type, as well as Address / H160 and U256 ink! primitives. However SolTypeEncode is additionally implemented for references (and a few smart pointers) of types that implement SolTypeEncode (i.e. &T, &mut T, Box<T> and Cow<T> for T: SolTypeEncode). The rustdoc for both traits includes a table showing the mapping of Rust/ink! primitives to equivalent Solidity ABI types. All SolTypeEncode and SolTypeDecode types also implement SolEncode and SolDecode
• Adds SolBytes<T> type as a newtype wrapper that encodes/decodes u8 sequences/collections as their equivalent Solidity bytes representations. T has a SolBytesType bound, and SolBytesType is a sealed trait that's only implemented for u8, [u8; N] where 1 <= N <= 32 and Vec<u8>
• Adds sanity checks to ensure our SolTypeEncode, SolTypeDecode, SolEncode and SolDecode implementations match alloy_sol_types::SolValue equivalents
• Removes all usages of alloy_sol_types outside ink_primitives and instead uses the new Solidity compatibility abstractions above defined in ink_primitives
• Implements SolEncode and SolDecode for AccountId, Hash, H160 and H256 types from ink! primitives
• Converts Address into a type alias for H160, and replaces H160 with Address in the public interfaces where H160 semantically represents an address

Related/future work - to be done in a follow up PR(s)

• Provide a Derive macro for implementing SolEncode and SolDecode for arbitrary types Provide a Derive macro for implementing SolEncode and SolDecode for arbitrary types #2462
• Provide Rust/ink! types for Solidity integer types (apart from U256) that don't have a Rust/ink!/pallet-revive equivalent (e.g. uint248) Provide Rust/ink! types for Solidity integer types that don't have a Rust/ink!/pallet-revive equivalent #2461
• Documentation for SolEncode and SolDecode in ink crate rustdoc and ink-docs website
  • ink crate rustdoc Documentation for contract abi arg and provided Rust/ink! to Solidity type mappings #2463
  • ink-docs website Add abi arg to #[ink::contract] docs for v6 ink-docs#379
• Update cargo-contract Solidity metadata generation to properly support SolEncode and SolDecode implementing arbitrary types Update Solidity metadata generation to properly support SolEncode and SolDecode implementing arbitrary types cargo-contract#1996

See also

• Implement SolDecode, SolTypeDecode and support SolBytes for boxed slices #2476
• Refactor Solidity bytes wrapper(s) #2569

Checklist before requesting a review

• I have added an entry to CHANGELOG.md
• I have commented on my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules