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On the wikipedia article Local homeomorphism, we read:

Suppose $f : X\to Y$ is a continuous open surjection between two Hausdorff second-countable spaces where $X$ is a Baire space and $Y$ is a normal space. If every fiber of $f$ is a discrete subspace of $X$ (which is a necessary condition for $f : X\to Y$ to be a local homeomorphism) then $f$ is a $Y$-valued local homeomorphism on a dense open subset of $X$.

Proof. Let $O = O_f$ be the largest open subset of $X$ such that $f|O: O\to Y$ is a local homeomorphism. [$O$ is the union of all open subsets $U\subset X$ such that the restriction $f| U : U\to Y$ is an injective map]. Because every fiber of $f$ is a discrete subspace of $X$ then $O$ is necessarily a dense subset of $X$.

How to prove the last assert ? (Because every fiber of $f$ .... subset of $X$)

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  • $\begingroup$ I think I can prove it assuming that $X$ is locally compact. I am not sure if it's true without this extra assumptions. Let me know if you are interested. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 28 at 22:08
  • $\begingroup$ @MoisheKohan It holds without the extra assumption, I've written up the proof below. If you additionally assume local compactness, then you can weaken the assumption of discrete fibers to countable fibers. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 31 at 23:18
  • $\begingroup$ Moushe Kohan. Yes, I'm interested also about a proof that assume $X$ locally compact, thank. $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 3 at 18:02

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Theorem. Let $f:X\to Y$ be a continuous open map with discrete fibers, $X$ second-countable Hausdorff space, and $Y$ a Baire space and $G_\delta$ space, then $$O_f := \{x\in X : f\text{ is a local homeomorphism at }x\}$$ is a dense open subset of $X$, and so there is a dense open subset $O_f\subseteq X$ such that $f$ restricted to $O_f$ is a local homeomorphism.

This theorem implies yours since 1) continuous open image of a Baire space is a Baire space, 2) if $Y$ is a second-countable Hausdorff normal space, then by Urysohn's metrization theorem, $Y$ is metrizable, and so a $G_\delta$ space.

The proof will follow the one of theorem 2.1 in Local topological properties of countable mappings by Väisälä, the only detail needing changing is at the end.

Proof: Let $(U_n)$ be a countable basis for open non-empty $U\subseteq X$, and define $E_n = \{y\in Y : |U_n\cap f^{-1}(y)| = 1\}$ so that $E_n\subseteq f(U_n)$. We'll show that $E_n$ is closed in $f(U_n)$. Let $y\in f(U_n)\setminus E_n$, then there are distinct $x_1, x_2\in U_n\cap f^{-1}(y)$, and we can take disjoint open $V_1, V_2$ with $x_k\in V_k\subseteq U_n$. Then $y\in f(V_1)\cap f(V_2)\subseteq f(U_n)\setminus E_n$ and so $f(U_n)\setminus E_n$ is open. Since $f$ has discrete fibers, $f(U) = \bigcup_n E_n$. Since $Y$ is a $G_\delta$ space, $f(U_n)$ is an $F_\sigma$-set for every $n$, and so every $E_n$ is an $F_\sigma$-set. Since open subspace of a Baire space is a Baire space, $f(U)$ is a Baire space, and so there is $n$ such that $\text{int}(E_n)\neq \emptyset$. Then $f^{-1}(\text{int}(E_n))\cap U_n$ is a non-empty subset of $O_f\cap U$. It follows that $\overline{O_f} = X$. $\square$

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  • $\begingroup$ Nice!........... $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 1 at 0:12

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