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In How to | Add Error Bars to Charts and Plots in the Mathematica documentation, a function ErrorBar is given:

errorBar[type_: "Rectangle"][{{x0_, x1_}, {y0_, y1_}}, value_, meta_] := Block[{error}, error = Flatten[meta]; error = If[error === {}, 0, Last[error]]; {ChartElementData[type][{{x0, x1}, {y0, y1}}, value, meta], {Black, Line[{ {{(x0 + x1)/2, y1 - error}, {(x0 + x1)/2, y1 + error}}, {{1/4 (3 x0 + x1), y1 + error}, {1/4 (x0 + 3 x1), y1 + error}}, {{1/4 (3 x0 + x1), y1 - error}, {1/4 (x0 + 3 x1), y1 - error}} }] }} ]

This function adds error bars to BarChart. Here is an example using some random data with random errors:

chartData = MapThread[{#1 -> #2} &, {RandomReal[1, 10], RandomReal[0.1, 10]}]

Now plotting it, as per the tutorial:

BarChart[chartData, ChartElementFunction -> errorBar["Rectangle"]]

How can I adjust variable spacing between the bars, e.g. have two groups of five bars without any spacing between them, and then a spacing of, say, 1 between the two groups?

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3 Answers 3

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You can use the option setting BarSpacing -> {a,b} to set the spacing between individual bars to a and that between groups to b:

chartData = Flatten@MapThread[{#1 -> #2} &, {RandomReal[1, 10], RandomReal[0.1, 10]}]; chartData2 = MapAt[# + RandomReal[] &, chartData, {{;; , 1}}]; BarChart[{chartData, chartData2}, BarSpacing -> {0, 1.5}, ChartLabels -> {Placed[{"Group 1", "Group 2"}, Below], Placed[CharacterRange["a", "j"], Center]}, ChartElementFunction -> errorBar["Rectangle"], ImageSize -> 500]

enter image description here

Update: A quick-and-dirty way to get the same result as in m_goldberg's method without changing errorBar function is to insert Missing[] in the positions where you want the gaps in the input data: 

BarChart[{Insert[chartData, Missing[], {{3}, {7}}]}, BarSpacing -> None, ChartLabels -> {Placed[{"Group 1"}, Axis], Placed[Insert[CharacterRange["a", "j"], "", {{3}, {7}}], Center]}, ChartElementFunction -> (errorBar[]), ImageSize -> 500, PlotRange -> {-.2, 1}, AxesOrigin -> {0, -.2}, ImagePadding -> 20]

enter image description here

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Panel@Row[{ BarChart[ First@Partition[chartData, 5], ColorFunction -> "Rainbow", ImageSize -> 300, BarSpacing -> 0, PlotLabel -> "First Group", PlotRange -> {Automatic, {0, 1}}, PlotRangePadding -> -0.002, ChartElementFunction -> errorBar["Rectangle"]], Spacer@5, BarChart[ Last@Partition[chartData, 5], ColorFunction -> "Rainbow", ImageSize -> 300, BarSpacing -> 0, PlotLabel -> "Second Group", PlotRange -> {Automatic, {0, 1}}, ChartElementFunction -> errorBar["Rectangle"], PlotRangePadding -> 0.01, Axes -> False] }]

enter image description here

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Here is something that might work for you. The idea is to modify errorBar to plot an empty bar for data items of form _-> None and inject an item of that form at any point where a gap is to appear.

errorBar[type_: "Rectangle"][{{x0_, x1_}, {y0_, y1_}}, value_, meta_] := Block[{error}, If[meta[[1]] === None, Return[{ChartElementData[type][{{x0, x1}, {y0, y1}}, value, meta], {}}]]; error = Flatten[meta]; error = If[error === {}, 0, Last[error]]; {ChartElementData[type][{{x0, x1}, {y0, y1}}, value, meta], {Black, Line[{{{(x0 + x1)/2, y1 - error}, {(x0 + x1)/2, y1 + error}}, {{1/4 (3 x0 + x1), y1 + error}, {1/4 (x0 + 3 x1), y1 + error}}, {{1/4 (3 x0 + x1), y1 - error}, {1/4 (x0 + 3 x1), y1 - error}}}]}}] SeedRandom[42]; chartData = Insert[Thread[RandomReal[1, 10] -> RandomReal[0.1, 10]], 0 -> None, 6] 
{ 0.425905 -> 0.0258796, 0.391023 -> 0.0550582, 0.347069 -> 0.0717287, 0.453741 -> 0.0754353, 0.555963 -> 0.0860349, 0 -> None, 0.289169 -> 0.0996966, 0.296848 -> 0.0739226, 0.206408 -> 0.00383646, 0.32517 -> 0.0376127, 0.973325 -> 0.0296199 } 
BarChart[chartData, ChartElementFunction -> errorBar["Rectangle"], BarSpacing -> None]

chart

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