Questions tagged [layer4]

Question 1

We recently observed an interesting issue during LTE testing: The eNodeB transmitted only a UL grant (DCI 0) for a UE — there was no DL grant intended for that UE in the same subframe. On the UE side, ...

Question 2

In the TCP three-way handshake stage Sender and receiver window sizes are advertised. But what if the window size advertised by the receiver is 1000 bytes, but the sender has about 2000 bytes of data?

Question 3

I understand TCP has a max size for each packet. This limit is probably easily reached with data-heavy responses. Therefore do all these packets follow the same route (image of a train) or are they ...

Question 4

One of my co-workers had some odd output on some Wireshark logs with "connecting twice". I went and looked, and sure enough it looks like the client redoing the opening TCP handshake ...

Question 5

I understand the Acknowledgement number (from e.g a server perspective) represents the sequence number plus the received number of bytes, plus one (suggesting the next byte number it expects from the ...

Question 6

Setup: Sender talking to receiver through a ToR where all interfaces are 100 Gbps but the ToR has a smart flow limiter that drops packets if the throughput for a flow is above 10 Gbps. Traffic: Sender ...

Question 7

A client and a server are separated by a router. I don't understand the principle of MSS adjustment. When the client sends a SYN packet to the server, the SYN/ack server replies with its MSS. Example: ...

Question 8

Note: I understand both what MTU and MSS do so I am not asking about their function here. I understand that when a TCP connection is being established, the MSS is exchanged and it dictates the maximum ...

Question 9

In TCP header there was a field called a data field which stores data, but does this field store the IPv4 header + datagram or just the datagram?

Question 10

I was reading about digital transmission, there are many steps namely: Analog to Digital conversion Source coding Channel coding Line coding Pulse shaping Modulation Multiple access techniques ...

Question 11

I am studying the basics of BGP and my book states the following: "BGP sessions use TCP port 179. TCP allows for adjacencies that are multiple hops away" I understand that this allows ...

Question 12

I stumbled upon a YT video which explains that there's technically no limit to the number of connections that can be opened between the clients and servers even if there's a reverse proxy between them....

Question 13

There might be something simple that I'm missing, but I just can't understand how related TCP segments are identified. So let's say I want to send 2000 bytes using TCP with an MSS of 1500 bytes. I ...

Question 14

From my understanding, flow control essentially how much the receiver can process. Suppose I can send packets at 100mb/s but the receiver can only process information at 10mb/s, flow control would ...

Question 15

I always wondered how HTTP knows when it has enough TCP segments in order to process a request or response. Can someone give me more information about the process? Thanks.

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Questions tagged [layer4]

Unexpected UE Behavior

Layer 4 window size

Do all TCP packets from same http request take same route? If not, how can I better understand where each went?

Double-syncs in a TCP communication

Understanding how the Acknowedge number is subsequently used by a TCP client

Would TCP cubic congestion control always cause packet loss as it tries to increase window size until packet drop?

MTU and MSS concept

Why is MSS important? Why can't we just rely on the MTU?

TCP Header Data Field

What are different encoding schemes used in gigabit ethernet?

BGP and Multi-Hop Adjacencies Using TCP

Why do we need L7 reverse proxy for increasing the limit of max TCP connection to the backend?

How is TCP Segmentation/Reassembly Identified?

Differences between TCP congestion and TCP flow control

HTTP and TCP relationship

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