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In this paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.07081), they study the effect of a four-fermion perturbation $H'$ on the SYK model, and they take the form of the perturbation to be $H' = \frac{u}{2}C_{ij}C_{kl}\psi_{i}\psi_{j}\psi_{k}\psi_{l}$, where $C_{ij}$ is also an anti-symmetric Gaussian-distributed random matrix.

They then compute the beta function of $u$ (equation 13)

$$ \beta(u) = \frac{2J^{2}}{\sqrt{\pi}J_{4}}u^{2} $$ where $J$ and $J_{4}$ are positive constants which determine the variances of $C_{ij}$ and $J_{ijkl}$.

From this beta function, they then claim that $H'$ is marginally relevant when $u > 0$ and marginally irrelevant when $u < 0$. But I am confused as to why this is the case. Since $\beta(u) \sim u^{2}$, why would the RG flows depend on the sign of $u$? Shouldn't $H'$ grow for all nonzero values of $u$? How does its sign affect its relevance?

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1 Answer 1

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No, $H'$ shouldn't grow for all values of $u$. This can be seen just from the solution of the RG equation with the given $\beta$-function. Let us find the solution of the RG equation. The RG equation reads $$ \frac{du}{d\ln l} = cu^2, $$ where $c = \frac{2J^2}{\sqrt{\pi}J_4}$. Then, $$ c\ln l = \int \frac{du}{u^2} = \frac{1}{u_0} - \frac{1}{u}, $$ so $$ u(l) = \frac{u_0}{1 - cu_0\ln l}, $$ where $u_0$ is the initial value. For positive $u_0$, the solution grows with increasing $\ln l$, and it decreases for negative $u_0$.

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