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I use often the operator "Exists in whole word" in the email studio to filter on a list of attributes. To do that I separate my values with a coma. I tried within a journey but it doesn't work...
It looks like it was a known issue in Email Studio when using dynamic content: Here
However it was allegedly fixed in a new version (216). Couldn't find anything specific for journeys. Maybe try updating to the new version? Hope this helps