Given a directory structure like this
main/ common/ foo.py A/ src/ bar.py How can I use Python's relative imports to import foo from bar? I've got a working solution by adding it to the path, but this is ugly. Is there a way to simply do with a single import in Python 2.7?
This is a more complex version of this question:
The correct relative import would be this:
from ...common import foo However, relative imports are only meant to work within one package. If main is a package, then you can use relative imports here. If main is not a package, you cannot.
Thus, if you're running a script in /main/ and doing something like import A.src.bar, then that relative import will fail with "Attempted relative import beyond toplevel package". This is because the relative import is trying to import something outside of the toplevel package A.
However, if you're running a script in / and doing something like import main.A.src.bar, then that relative import will succeed because main is now a package. In that case, the following two would be equivalent:
from ...common import foo from main.common import foo To answer your comment: the meaning of the . doesn't change depending on where the script was run from, it changes depending on what the package structure is.
In order to use relative imports, you have to have a package. In this example I think 'main' folder is the best candidate to be the top level package. Make a __init__.py inside 'main' folder and put the following code inside it to make it the top level folder in package:
__package__ = '' Now you can use relative imports:
from ...common import foo If you are working with framework that uses OPSEC practices to limit the top-level-project of scripts but you need to import a local library from another place without copy-paste the same library for every script... (the reason cause im here) You can bypass the problem with a simbolic link to the folder that contains the code.
4 your example its like:
cd path2/A ln -s path2/main/common common then you can import in bar.py with
from A.common.foo import class But if you do this instead of creating __init__.py's when its required then you have my intense dissaproval.
