In C language code, if I have a bunch of variables that will be used only for logical operations, what is the data type that will yield the fastest execution time?
Also, does it depend if I'm using an ARM or Intel processor, 32-bit or 64-bit system?
Where did you get the impression that C has "execution time"? This is a concept that comes from implementations of the C language, not from the C language. Your question is a bit like "What is the fastest accent, tone and/or volume to speak English in?".
_Booland if you find that too slow then that's when you should consider optimisations.